生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 13:57
【摘要】：走中國特色新型城市化、工業(yè)化、信息化道路，實現(xiàn)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展將是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展面臨的重要任務(wù)，也是調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的關(guān)鍵問題。隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高和功能體系的不斷完善，城市的服務(wù)、協(xié)調(diào)功能將逐步增強(qiáng)。服務(wù)業(yè)，尤其是知識密集度高、產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)性強(qiáng)、空間占用小和資源消耗低的生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在城市經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位明顯上升，并逐漸取代制造業(yè)成為城市發(fā)展的主要推動力。 世界城市轉(zhuǎn)型通常經(jīng)歷了資源型城市或區(qū)位型城市向制造型城市轉(zhuǎn)變，再向服務(wù)型城市轉(zhuǎn)變的過程。生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在城市發(fā)展的不同階段分別起到“潤滑劑”作用、“生產(chǎn)力”功能和“推進(jìn)器”作用，有利于促進(jìn)城市產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、完善城市經(jīng)濟(jì)功能、提高城市創(chuàng)新能力，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。紐約、倫敦、東京、北京和上海等大都市均依托生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)成功實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，提高了城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。 生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)將知識資本、人力資本和技術(shù)資本投入到生產(chǎn)過程中，改善了要素投入的質(zhì)量，有利于促進(jìn)工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級。生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)通過向外輸出生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)，發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng)而增加城市的就業(yè)和收入，避免大城市由于工業(yè)發(fā)展趨緩后帶來的“產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化”。生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)中間投入的增加，意味著物質(zhì)中間投入的減少，在降低資源的消耗的同時減少污染的排放，改變過去被動的城市生態(tài)治理局面。本文將生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)、知識密集和中間投入等基本產(chǎn)業(yè)特征與城市的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級、就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和“減物質(zhì)化”過程結(jié)合起來研究，分析生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)對城市經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響機(jī)制。 長期處于價值鏈低端的我國工業(yè)通過提高資本有機(jī)構(gòu)成和勞動報酬激勵等措施有效提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率，但并沒有導(dǎo)致利潤水平的同步上升。在市場化程度高和基礎(chǔ)條件較好的中心城市和特大型城市生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)有助于提高工業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率和實現(xiàn)價值鏈地位躍升，從而在城市之間形成有機(jī)的專業(yè)化分工體系。而壟斷競爭條件下，生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)卻會增加企業(yè)的運營成本，對工業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率的提高并沒有積極作用。 生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在中心城市和特大型城市集聚，推動了大型城市成為新的工業(yè)中心和先進(jìn)制造業(yè)基地，廣大中小型城市圍繞特大型城市和大城市進(jìn)行有機(jī)配套。生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)通過產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng)增加了其他相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的總體就業(yè)量，從而實現(xiàn)了就業(yè)總量擴(kuò)容。城市體系逐漸完善的過程也是勞動力有序流動、解決就業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾的過程。由于生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)處于價值鏈的高端，更高的工資回報，帶動了其他產(chǎn)業(yè)收入水平的提高，緩解中心城市的高運營成本。 生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平具有高度相關(guān)性，，并有利于北京和上海等中心城市實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程的“減物質(zhì)化”。盡管各個城市采取一定的措施努力降低了單位GDP的能耗，但是由于反彈效應(yīng)，工業(yè)廢氣和固體廢物的排放總量還是比較大，并呈上升趨勢。在粗放的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式下，制造業(yè)對生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)的需求不足使城市經(jīng)濟(jì)難以擺脫對物質(zhì)資源的高度依賴，實行合理的環(huán)境規(guī)制有利于工業(yè)企業(yè)的服務(wù)外包和專業(yè)化水平的提高。 我國生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率增長迅速，且東部地區(qū)的增長要快于中西部地區(qū)，北京和上海的生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展水平在全國處于領(lǐng)先地位。基于各城市的工業(yè)化水平，發(fā)展我國城市生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)的著力點應(yīng)體現(xiàn)在優(yōu)化工業(yè)化技術(shù)線路、推動市場化體制改革、促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群化布局、加速產(chǎn)業(yè)融合化發(fā)展和實行產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)化規(guī)制等方面，切實推動生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展，形成合理的城市專業(yè)化分工體系，保障城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:It is an important task for the economic and social development of our country to take the new urbanization of Chinese characteristics, the road of industrialization and information, and realize the sustainable development of the city economy. It is also the key problem to adjust the economic structure and change the way of economic development. With the continuous improvement of the economic level of the city and the continuous improvement of the functional system, the service of the city and the coordination of the city will be coordinated. The service industry, especially the high degree of knowledge intensive, the strong industrial relevance, the small space occupancy and the low consumption of resources, has increased significantly in the city economy, and gradually replaced the manufacturing industry as the main driving force for the development of the city.
The transformation of the cities of the world usually goes through the transformation from the resource-based city or location type city to the molding City, and then to the service type city. The productive service industry plays the role of "lubricant" in the different stages of urban development. The function of "productivity" and "propeller" will help promote the upgrading of the city industry and improve the city. City economy function, improve the city innovation ability, realize the economic sustainable development. New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai have achieved the economic transformation by relying on the productive service industry successfully, and improved the sustainable development ability of the city economy.
The productive service industry puts the knowledge capital, human capital and technical capital into the production process, improves the quality of the input of the factor, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the industry. The production service industry will increase the employment and income of the city by exporting the productive service to the outside, and increase the employment and income of the city, and avoid the industrial development of the big cities. The increase in the "Industrial Hollowing" brought about by the slowness. The increase in the intermediate input in the productive service means the reduction in the intermediate input of the material, reducing the consumption of the resources and reducing the emission of the pollution, and changing the passive urban ecological management situation in the past. The characteristics of the industry are combined with the industrial transformation and upgrading of the city, the optimization of employment structure and the process of "reducing material", and analyses the influence mechanism of the productive service industry on the sustainable development of the urban economy.
China's industry, which has long been in the low end of the value chain, improves the labor productivity by improving the organic composition of capital and the incentive of labor remuneration, but it does not lead to a synchronous increase in profit level. The productive service industry in central cities and large cities with better market level and better basic conditions will help to improve industrial production. The status of efficiency and the realization of the value chain is leapfrog, thus forming an organic specialized division of labor between cities. Under the condition of monopolistic competition, the productive service industry will increase the operating cost of the enterprise and have no positive effect on the increase of industrial labor productivity.
The agglomeration of productive service industry in central cities and mega cities has promoted large cities to become new industrial centers and advanced manufacturing bases. The large and small cities are organically matched around large cities and large cities. The productive service industry has increased the overall employment of other related industries through industrial correlation effect. The process of the gradual improvement of the urban system is also the process of the orderly flow of the urban system, the process of solving the structural contradiction of the employment market. Because the productive service industry is in the high end of the value chain and the higher salary returns, it has promoted the increase of the income level of other industries, and slowly solved the high operating cost of the central city.
The development of the productive service industry has a high correlation with the level of urban economic development, and is beneficial to the reduction of the production process in central cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Although every city has taken certain measures to reduce the energy consumption of the unit GDP, the total amount of industrial waste gas and solid waste is also due to the rebound effect. In the extensive economic development model, the lack of demand for manufacturing services in the manufacturing industry makes it difficult for the urban economy to get rid of the high dependence on material resources, and the implementation of reasonable environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of service outsourcing and professional leveling of industrial enterprises.
The growth of total factor productivity of the productive service industry in China is growing rapidly, and the growth of the eastern region is faster than the central and western regions. The development level of the productive service industry in Beijing and Shanghai is in the leading position in the whole country. Based on the industrial level of each city, the focus of developing the urban productive service industry in China should be reflected in the optimization of the industrial technology line. The road, promote the reform of the market system, promote the distribution of industrial clusters, accelerate the development of industrial integration and implement the regulation of the industrial ecology, and effectively promote the development of the productive service industry, form a rational division of labor in the city and ensure the sustainability of the city's economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F299.2;F719
本文編號：2157797
[Abstract]:It is an important task for the economic and social development of our country to take the new urbanization of Chinese characteristics, the road of industrialization and information, and realize the sustainable development of the city economy. It is also the key problem to adjust the economic structure and change the way of economic development. With the continuous improvement of the economic level of the city and the continuous improvement of the functional system, the service of the city and the coordination of the city will be coordinated. The service industry, especially the high degree of knowledge intensive, the strong industrial relevance, the small space occupancy and the low consumption of resources, has increased significantly in the city economy, and gradually replaced the manufacturing industry as the main driving force for the development of the city.
The transformation of the cities of the world usually goes through the transformation from the resource-based city or location type city to the molding City, and then to the service type city. The productive service industry plays the role of "lubricant" in the different stages of urban development. The function of "productivity" and "propeller" will help promote the upgrading of the city industry and improve the city. City economy function, improve the city innovation ability, realize the economic sustainable development. New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai have achieved the economic transformation by relying on the productive service industry successfully, and improved the sustainable development ability of the city economy.
The productive service industry puts the knowledge capital, human capital and technical capital into the production process, improves the quality of the input of the factor, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the industry. The production service industry will increase the employment and income of the city by exporting the productive service to the outside, and increase the employment and income of the city, and avoid the industrial development of the big cities. The increase in the "Industrial Hollowing" brought about by the slowness. The increase in the intermediate input in the productive service means the reduction in the intermediate input of the material, reducing the consumption of the resources and reducing the emission of the pollution, and changing the passive urban ecological management situation in the past. The characteristics of the industry are combined with the industrial transformation and upgrading of the city, the optimization of employment structure and the process of "reducing material", and analyses the influence mechanism of the productive service industry on the sustainable development of the urban economy.
China's industry, which has long been in the low end of the value chain, improves the labor productivity by improving the organic composition of capital and the incentive of labor remuneration, but it does not lead to a synchronous increase in profit level. The productive service industry in central cities and large cities with better market level and better basic conditions will help to improve industrial production. The status of efficiency and the realization of the value chain is leapfrog, thus forming an organic specialized division of labor between cities. Under the condition of monopolistic competition, the productive service industry will increase the operating cost of the enterprise and have no positive effect on the increase of industrial labor productivity.
The agglomeration of productive service industry in central cities and mega cities has promoted large cities to become new industrial centers and advanced manufacturing bases. The large and small cities are organically matched around large cities and large cities. The productive service industry has increased the overall employment of other related industries through industrial correlation effect. The process of the gradual improvement of the urban system is also the process of the orderly flow of the urban system, the process of solving the structural contradiction of the employment market. Because the productive service industry is in the high end of the value chain and the higher salary returns, it has promoted the increase of the income level of other industries, and slowly solved the high operating cost of the central city.
The development of the productive service industry has a high correlation with the level of urban economic development, and is beneficial to the reduction of the production process in central cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Although every city has taken certain measures to reduce the energy consumption of the unit GDP, the total amount of industrial waste gas and solid waste is also due to the rebound effect. In the extensive economic development model, the lack of demand for manufacturing services in the manufacturing industry makes it difficult for the urban economy to get rid of the high dependence on material resources, and the implementation of reasonable environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of service outsourcing and professional leveling of industrial enterprises.
The growth of total factor productivity of the productive service industry in China is growing rapidly, and the growth of the eastern region is faster than the central and western regions. The development level of the productive service industry in Beijing and Shanghai is in the leading position in the whole country. Based on the industrial level of each city, the focus of developing the urban productive service industry in China should be reflected in the optimization of the industrial technology line. The road, promote the reform of the market system, promote the distribution of industrial clusters, accelerate the development of industrial integration and implement the regulation of the industrial ecology, and effectively promote the development of the productive service industry, form a rational division of labor in the city and ensure the sustainability of the city's economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F299.2;F719
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