西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)就業(yè)效應及其影響因素研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-07 12:33
【摘要】：近年來，服務業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，已逐漸成為吸收新增勞動力和剩余勞動力最多的產業(yè)。服務業(yè)在社會經濟中的地位和作用呈不斷上升趨勢，在經濟發(fā)展歷程中，不斷有新的服務部門或項目產生，不斷有勞動力或工業(yè)中分離出來，轉入服務業(yè)。對于勞動人口密集的西部地區(qū)，提高服務業(yè)發(fā)展水平、改善就業(yè)現狀已經成為推動西部地區(qū)經濟增長方式轉變、實現西部崛起、解決民生問題的迫切需要。基于西部十二省的不同的歷史背景、經濟狀況和發(fā)展層次，本文以促進西部地區(qū)的就業(yè)為目的，從西部服務業(yè)的發(fā)展現狀出發(fā)，搜集了西部十二省的歷史數據，，從結構偏離度和就業(yè)彈性角度衡量了西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)的就業(yè)增長空間，然后運用Panel-data模型分析了投資、產值規(guī)模、技術進步、城市化率和工資對西部服務業(yè)各行業(yè)就業(yè)的影響，實證結果顯示： 一、西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)發(fā)展與經濟增長、結構優(yōu)化呈現一致性。從西部服務業(yè)的產生和發(fā)展歷程來看，它與國民經濟的發(fā)展是融為一體、不可割裂的。社會生產和人們的生活消費對服務經濟產生了更多的需求，城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化進程中被排擠出的勞動力迫切需要轉入服務業(yè)； 二、迅速發(fā)展的服務業(yè)將成為西部吸納就業(yè)的重要渠道。西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)的就業(yè)比重上升趨勢明顯，上升幅度最大，并且已經超過中部水平，就業(yè)彈性加大，成為西部地區(qū)吸納勞動力的主要渠道；從服務業(yè)內部各行業(yè)來看，就業(yè)吸收能力最強的依次是房地產業(yè)、金融業(yè)、住宿餐飲業(yè)，主要是近年來西部地區(qū)的房地產業(yè)的快速發(fā)展為就業(yè)人員的進入提供了良好契機，而批發(fā)零售業(yè)由于受到開放條件的限制，則對就業(yè)仍存在明顯的擠出效應； 三、西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)的就業(yè)效應受到城市化、技術進步、經濟發(fā)展、工資和投資五大因素的影響。尤其是城市化水平對就業(yè)人數的增加起到非常顯著的推動作用，技術進步對勞動力產生的吸入效應大于擠出效應，產生較大的正影響；每一因素對不同行業(yè)的影響程度不相同，這五大因素對大部分行業(yè)的影響都顯著為正，其中對租賃服務業(yè)和房地產的正影響最大，對批發(fā)零售業(yè)的負影響最大，而對交通運輸、倉儲、郵政業(yè)和文化、體育娛樂業(yè)的影響不顯著。 在上述分析的基礎上，本文對如何發(fā)展西部地區(qū)服務業(yè)以促進就業(yè)提出了簡要的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the service industry has developed rapidly and has gradually become the industry that absorbs the most new labor force and surplus labor force. The status and function of service industry in social economy is on the rise. In the course of economic development, new service departments or projects are produced, labor force or industry is separated and transferred to service industry. For the western region with dense labor population, it has become an urgent need to improve the development level of service industry and improve the present employment situation of the western region in order to promote the transformation of economic growth mode in the western region, realize the rise of the western region, and solve the problems of people's livelihood. Based on the different historical background, economic situation and development level of the twelve provinces in the west, this paper, with the aim of promoting employment in the western region, sets out from the present situation of the service industry in the west, collects the historical data of the twelve provinces in the west. From the angle of structural deviation and employment elasticity, this paper measures the employment growth space of the service industry in the western region, and then analyzes the investment, output value scale and technological progress by using Panel-data model. The effect of urbanization rate and wage on the employment of service industries in western China. The empirical results show that the development of service industry in western China is consistent with economic growth and structural optimization. From the emergence and development of western service industry, it is integrated with the development of national economy. Social production and people's living consumption produce more demand to service economy, the labor force which is squeezed out in the process of urbanization and industrialization needs to be transferred to service industry urgently. Second, the rapidly developing service industry will become an important channel to absorb employment in the western region. The employment proportion of the service industry in the western region is increasing obviously, and the increase is the largest, and it has already exceeded the central level, and the employment elasticity has increased, which has become the main channel to absorb the labor force in the western region. From the point of view of various industries within the service industry, the strongest absorptive capacity of employment is the real estate industry, the financial industry, the accommodation and catering industry, mainly the rapid development of the real estate industry in the western region in recent years, which has provided a good opportunity for the entry of the employed persons. However, the wholesale and retail trade is restricted by the open conditions, so there is still an obvious crowding out effect on employment. Third, the employment effect of service industry in western China is affected by five factors: urbanization, technological progress, economic development, wages and investment. In particular, the urbanization level plays a very significant role in promoting the increase of the number of employed people. The suction effect of technological progress on the labor force is greater than that of the extrusion effect, which has a larger positive impact. The impact of each factor on different industries is different. These five factors have a significant positive impact on most industries. Among them, the positive impact on rental services and real estate is the greatest, the negative impact on wholesale and retail is the greatest, and the impact on transportation is the greatest. The effects of warehousing, post office and culture, sports and entertainment are not significant. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to develop the service industry in western China to promote employment.
【學位授予單位】：重慶工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F719;F249.21
本文編號：2367211
[Abstract]:In recent years, the service industry has developed rapidly and has gradually become the industry that absorbs the most new labor force and surplus labor force. The status and function of service industry in social economy is on the rise. In the course of economic development, new service departments or projects are produced, labor force or industry is separated and transferred to service industry. For the western region with dense labor population, it has become an urgent need to improve the development level of service industry and improve the present employment situation of the western region in order to promote the transformation of economic growth mode in the western region, realize the rise of the western region, and solve the problems of people's livelihood. Based on the different historical background, economic situation and development level of the twelve provinces in the west, this paper, with the aim of promoting employment in the western region, sets out from the present situation of the service industry in the west, collects the historical data of the twelve provinces in the west. From the angle of structural deviation and employment elasticity, this paper measures the employment growth space of the service industry in the western region, and then analyzes the investment, output value scale and technological progress by using Panel-data model. The effect of urbanization rate and wage on the employment of service industries in western China. The empirical results show that the development of service industry in western China is consistent with economic growth and structural optimization. From the emergence and development of western service industry, it is integrated with the development of national economy. Social production and people's living consumption produce more demand to service economy, the labor force which is squeezed out in the process of urbanization and industrialization needs to be transferred to service industry urgently. Second, the rapidly developing service industry will become an important channel to absorb employment in the western region. The employment proportion of the service industry in the western region is increasing obviously, and the increase is the largest, and it has already exceeded the central level, and the employment elasticity has increased, which has become the main channel to absorb the labor force in the western region. From the point of view of various industries within the service industry, the strongest absorptive capacity of employment is the real estate industry, the financial industry, the accommodation and catering industry, mainly the rapid development of the real estate industry in the western region in recent years, which has provided a good opportunity for the entry of the employed persons. However, the wholesale and retail trade is restricted by the open conditions, so there is still an obvious crowding out effect on employment. Third, the employment effect of service industry in western China is affected by five factors: urbanization, technological progress, economic development, wages and investment. In particular, the urbanization level plays a very significant role in promoting the increase of the number of employed people. The suction effect of technological progress on the labor force is greater than that of the extrusion effect, which has a larger positive impact. The impact of each factor on different industries is different. These five factors have a significant positive impact on most industries. Among them, the positive impact on rental services and real estate is the greatest, the negative impact on wholesale and retail is the greatest, and the impact on transportation is the greatest. The effects of warehousing, post office and culture, sports and entertainment are not significant. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to develop the service industry in western China to promote employment.
【學位授予單位】：重慶工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F719;F249.21
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