【摘要】：隨著我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展,消費信貸經(jīng)濟的活躍,房地產(chǎn)抵押制度作為現(xiàn)代擔保制度受到人們的普遍關注。抵押制度是常見的一種擔保形式,因其不轉移占有的方式——抵押人不僅可以繼續(xù)利用抵押物的使用價值,又能通過設定抵押獲得融資,解決資金短缺問題——而被形象地成為“擔保之王”。房地產(chǎn)具有較高的交換價值,同時具有保值性、安全性、穩(wěn)定性等特性,它經(jīng)常地被用作擔保抵押的抵押物。隨著我國房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,土地使用權制度改革的不斷深化,房地產(chǎn)抵押制度作為一種融資風險的防范措施和一種有效利用方式而得以廣泛應用。目前,規(guī)范房地產(chǎn)抵押的法律法規(guī)以及規(guī)章主要有：《中華人民共和國物權法》、《中華人民共和國房地產(chǎn)管理法》、《中華人民共和國擔保法》以及建設部制定頒布的《房地產(chǎn)抵押管理辦法》。我國關于房地產(chǎn)抵押的法律問題隨著房地產(chǎn)抵押市場的日益繁榮亦漸受關注。在肯定上述法律文件對房地產(chǎn)抵押的規(guī)范起到積極作用外,應當指出的是,我國的房地產(chǎn)抵押制度尚不完善,仍然存在許多法律問題,有待進一步研究和解決。 本文主要研究我國房地產(chǎn)抵押制度存在的問題及其對策。文章計三萬五千字左右,除引言和結語外,主要包括三個部分的內容,文章的結構設計如下： 第一部分,我國現(xiàn)行房地產(chǎn)抵押制度概述。在這個部分,筆者對房地產(chǎn)抵押權的概念特征、房地產(chǎn)抵押權的設定以及房地產(chǎn)抵押權的實現(xiàn)方式這幾個重要的問題進行了詳細的論述。首先明確了房地產(chǎn)抵押權區(qū)分于其他抵押權的特殊性質,即具有復合性、要式性以及期限性；其次概述了房地產(chǎn)抵押權的設定程序,分為房地產(chǎn)抵押合同以及房地產(chǎn)抵押登記,并且對房地產(chǎn)抵押標的物做了較為詳細的論述;最后論述了房地產(chǎn)抵押權的實現(xiàn)方式。 第二部分,我國房地產(chǎn)抵押制度中存在的問題。這個部分主要闡述了房地產(chǎn)抵押制度中出現(xiàn)的三個典型的問題,即房地產(chǎn)抵押登記中存在的問題、在建工程抵押中存在的問題以及房地產(chǎn)抵押評估中存在的問題。分節(jié)分點論述了這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因、現(xiàn)狀以及弊端,為下文論述做好鋪墊。 第三部分,我國房地產(chǎn)抵押中存在問題的解決對策。針對上述三個問題,本人分別提出了幾點建議。首先,在房地產(chǎn)抵押登記中,提出了建立健全我國房地產(chǎn)抵押登記的法制體系、整合分散設置的房地產(chǎn)登記機構、明確抵押登記審查方式、建立賠償基金或者引入保險來轉移責任的四點建議；其次,針對在建工程抵押中存在的問題,認為應當在源頭上預防重復抵押、重復預售的行為,同時建立健全預告登記制度,以及完善我國建筑工程價款優(yōu)先受償制度；最后,針對我國房地產(chǎn)抵押評估存在的諸多亂象,提出了嚴格規(guī)范評價工作行為、提高商業(yè)銀行風險預警能力以及提高評估人員業(yè)務素質等建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of China's socialist market economy and the active consumer credit economy, the real estate mortgage system as a modern security system has attracted widespread attention. Mortgage system is a common form of security, because it does not transfer the way of possession - the mortgagor can not only continue to use the value of the mortgage, but also can Real estate is often used as collateral for guaranteed mortgage because of its high exchange value, high security and stability. With the continuous development of China's real estate industry, the land use right system has been reformed. With the deepening of the reform, the real estate mortgage system has been widely used as a precautionary measure against financing risks and as an effective way of utilization. Law > and "Measures for the Administration of Real Estate Mortgage" promulgated by the Ministry of Construction. The legal issues of real estate mortgage in China are also gradually concerned with the growing prosperity of the real estate mortgage market. In addition to affirming the positive role of the above-mentioned legal documents in the regulation of real estate mortgage, it should be pointed out that the real estate mortgage system in China is not yet complete. There are still many legal problems to be further studied and resolved.
This paper mainly studies the problems and Countermeasures of the real estate mortgage system in China. The article is about 35,000 words. Besides the introduction and conclusion, it mainly includes three parts. The structure of the article is as follows:
The first part is an overview of the current real estate mortgage system in China. In this part, the author discusses the conceptual characteristics of real estate mortgage, the establishment of real estate mortgage and the realization of real estate mortgage in detail. Secondly, it outlines the setting procedure of the real estate mortgage right, including the real estate mortgage contract and the real estate mortgage registration, and makes a more detailed discussion on the subject matter of the real estate mortgage; finally, it discusses the realization of the real estate mortgage right.
The second part, the problems existing in the real estate mortgage system of our country. This part mainly expounds the three typical problems in the real estate mortgage system, that is, the problems existing in the registration of real estate mortgage, the problems existing in the construction project mortgage and the problems existing in the real estate mortgage evaluation. The causes, the current situation and the disadvantages will lay the groundwork for the following discussion.
In the third part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems in real estate mortgage. Firstly, in the registration of real estate mortgage, the author puts forward to establish and improve the legal system of real estate mortgage registration in China, to integrate decentralized real estate registration agencies, and to clarify the examination methods of mortgage registration. Four suggestions on Establishing Compensation Fund or introducing insurance to transfer responsibility are put forward. Secondly, in view of the problems existing in the mortgage of construction projects under construction, it is considered that repetitive mortgage and repetitive pre-sale should be prevented at the source. At the same time, the registration system of advance notice should be established and perfected, as well as the system of preferential payment for construction projects in China. There are many disorders in real estate mortgage evaluation, and some suggestions are put forward, such as strictly standardizing the evaluation work behavior, improving the risk early warning ability of commercial banks and improving the professional quality of appraisers.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.29

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