從憲制看中國古代稅制改革及其啟示
發(fā)布時間:2018-05-23 10:53
本文選題:古代稅制 + 井田制; 參考:《社會科學(xué)戰(zhàn)線》2017年03期
【摘要】:運用財政社會學(xué)的方法,對中國古代稅制從憲制層面進行理解,是一種嶄新思路。從稅制入手,中國歷史可以劃分為井田制(春秋之前)時期——授田制(戰(zhàn)國至南北朝)時期——均田制(北魏至唐中葉)時期——兩稅法(唐中葉至清)時期。詳細分析四種稅制的變化,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中國古代稅制的基礎(chǔ)是土地制度,唐中葉之前整個國家的稅收以實物征收和服役為主,直到唐中葉之后始向貨幣征收轉(zhuǎn)變,歷經(jīng)"王安石變法"、張居正"一條鞭法",直到清雍正"攤丁入畝"才完成了兩稅法,廢除了人頭稅,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樨敭a(chǎn)稅。貫穿于中國古代稅制的核心特征包括:地權(quán)核心、公私并存、家國同構(gòu)和循環(huán)往復(fù)。這在某種意義上構(gòu)成了中國古代憲制的一部分。立足于此,當代中國稅制改革應(yīng)穩(wěn)定土地稅制、推進間接稅制、穩(wěn)妥處理房地產(chǎn)稅改革。
[Abstract]:It is a new way to understand the ancient Chinese tax system from the constitutional level by using the method of fiscal sociology. Starting from the tax system, Chinese history can be divided into the period of well field system (before the Spring and Autumn period)-the period of granting farmland (from warring States to the Southern and Northern dynasties)-the period of average land system (from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the middle of Tang Dynasty)-the period of the two tax laws (from the middle of Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty). Through detailed analysis of the changes of the four kinds of tax systems, we can find that the basis of the ancient Chinese tax system was the land system. Before the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the whole country's taxes were mainly collected and served in kind, but only after the middle of the Tang Dynasty did it change to the currency collection. After "Wang Anshi reform", Zhang Juzheng "one whip law", until Qing Yongzheng "spread into mu" completed the two tax laws, abolished the head tax, converted to property tax. The core features of tax system in ancient China include: the core of land ownership, the coexistence of public and private, the isomorphism of home and country and the circulation. This, in a sense, formed part of the ancient Chinese constitution. Based on this, the tax system reform in contemporary China should stabilize the land tax system, promote the indirect tax system, and handle the real estate tax reform securely.
【作者單位】: 中共中央黨校政法部;
【基金】:國家社會科學(xué)基金青年項目(15CFX050) 國開行資助中央黨校2015年校級一般項目(N02013140)
【分類號】:D929
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