本文選題：巢湖流域 + 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康�。� 參考：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著社會經(jīng)濟和城市化迅速發(fā)展,巢湖流域生態(tài)環(huán)境逐漸惡化,人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的干擾越來越顯著,影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況,要實現(xiàn)人口、資源、環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,勢必要對巢湖流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況進行研究,從而制定保護和改善巢湖流域生態(tài)環(huán)境的相關(guān)工作和政策,為巢湖流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護和恢復(fù)具有重要意義。 本文在分析相關(guān)文獻的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合巢湖區(qū)域的實際特點和數(shù)據(jù)的可獲得性,結(jié)合指標選取原則,選取土地壓力(土壤墾殖率、化肥農(nóng)藥施用強度)、人口壓力(人口干擾度、人口密度)、水資源壓力(水資源利用強度)、污染物排放壓力(廢污水排放強度、氨氮排放強度、COD排放強度)、生態(tài)彈性度、多樣性指數(shù)、破碎度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋度均值指數(shù)、產(chǎn)品提供、土壤保持量、總氮總磷負荷、水源涵養(yǎng)量、人均GDP、土壤侵蝕指數(shù)、森林覆蓋率共計20個指標,建立壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價指標體系；并以巢湖流域各縣市行政區(qū)劃作為評價單元,本文基于主觀評價和客觀評價相結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上,并在遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的支撐下對巢湖流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康進行綜合評價,并反映巢湖流域近十年來生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀態(tài)的時空變化情況,在巢湖流域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展方向上給予理論支持。研究結(jié)果表明： (1)2010年巢湖流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況較好,評價等級為二級,2010年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康等級為優(yōu)良和較差的均有1個評價單元,均占總數(shù)的11.11%；健康較好的有3個,占總數(shù)的33.33%；健康一般的有4個,占總數(shù)的44.44%；屬于健康一級區(qū)、健康狀況優(yōu)良的是舒城縣,屬于二級健康區(qū)、健康狀況相對較好的包括巢湖市、無為縣、含山縣,屬于三級健康區(qū)、健康狀況一般的包括肥東縣、肥西縣、和縣、廬江縣。屬于四級健康區(qū)、健康狀況相對較差的評價單元是合肥市。 (2)巢湖流域西北部合肥市是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中心,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況最差,西南部的舒城縣屬于山區(qū),經(jīng)濟落后,人口密度小,干擾活動少,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況最好。 (3)自2000年至2010年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況變差的評價單元有6個,占評價單元個數(shù)的66.67%,包括肥東縣、巢湖市、廬江縣、含山縣、和縣、舒城縣；生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況變好的評價單元有3個,占總評價單元個數(shù)的33.33%,包括合肥市、肥西縣、無為縣；2000-2010年,從巢湖流域整體來看,巢湖流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況在十年間,處在先有所改善,后下降的狀態(tài)；總體趨勢是在不斷惡化中,在隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步,巢湖流域城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)和房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)對建設(shè)用地需求較大,但是通過耕地轉(zhuǎn)化為建設(shè)用地顯然是不可取的,巢湖流域存在圍湖造田,濫砍濫伐等現(xiàn)象,不僅造成了水域面積和林地面積的減少,而且不利于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, the ecological environment of Chaohu Lake Basin has gradually deteriorated, and the disturbance of human activities to the ecosystem has become more and more significant. The coordinated development of environment is bound to study the health status of Chaohu Lake basin ecosystem, so as to formulate relevant work and policies to protect and improve the ecological environment of Chaohu Lake basin, which is of great significance for the protection and restoration of Chaohu Lake basin ecosystem. Based on the analysis of relevant literature, combined with the actual characteristics of Chaohu Lake region and the availability of data, combined with the principle of index selection, the paper selected the land pressure (soil reclamation rate, fertilizer and pesticide application intensity, population pressure (population interference degree), Population density, water pressure (water use intensity), pollutant discharge pressure (waste water discharge intensity, ammonia nitrogen discharge intensity, COD emission intensity, ecological elasticity, diversity index, fragmentation index, vegetation coverage mean index, Product supply, soil conservation, total nitrogen and phosphorus load, water conservation, per capita GDP, soil erosion index and forest cover were 20 indexes, and a pressure-state-response ecosystem health evaluation index system was established. Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective evaluation, and supported by remote sensing and GIS technology, this paper evaluates the ecosystem health of Chaohu Lake basin. It also reflects the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem health in Chaohu Basin in the past ten years, and provides theoretical support for the sustainable development of Chaohu Lake Basin. The results show that: 1) in 2010, the ecosystem health status of Chaohu Lake basin was good, and the evaluation grade was second grade. In 2010, there was one evaluation unit for both excellent and poor ecosystem health grade, which accounted for 11.11% of the total, and 3 of them had better health. Accounting for 33.33% of the total; there are 4 cases of general health, accounting for 44.44% of the total; belong to the health first class area, the good health condition is Shucheng County, belong to the second class healthy area, the relatively good health condition includes Chaohu City, Wuwei County, Hanshan County, Belong to three-level health areas, general health including Feidong County, Feixi County, Hexian County, Lujiang County. Belongs to the four-level healthy area, the health condition relatively poor appraisal unit is Hefei city. (2) Hefei city in northwestern Chaohu basin is the center of regional economic development, the ecosystem health condition is the worst, and the southwestern Shucheng county belongs to the mountainous area, the economy is backward, the population density is small, the disturbance activity is less, and the ecosystem health condition is the best. (3) from 2000 to 2010, there were 6 assessment units, accounting for 66.67% of the evaluation units, including Feidong County, Chaohu City, Lujiang County, Hanshan County, Hexian County, Shucheng County; There are three assessment units for the improvement of ecosystem health status, accounting for 33.33% of the total number of evaluation units, including Hefei, Feixi and Wuwei counties from 2000 to 2010. From the perspective of the Chaohu Basin as a whole, the health status of the Chaohu Basin ecosystem has been in the past ten years. In a state of improvement and then decline, the overall trend is that with economic development and social progress, urbanization and real estate development in the Chaohu Lake basin are in greater demand for construction land. But the conversion of cultivated land to construction land is obviously not desirable. There are phenomena such as reclaiming land around the lake and deforestation in Chaohu Lake basin, which not only reduce the area of water area and forest land, but also are not conducive to the stability of ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X826

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