本文選題：居住用地 + 遙感影像�。� 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球人口的增加和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,社會(huì)逐漸擺脫原有的以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的情況,城鎮(zhèn)化水平不斷提高,越來越多的人涌入城市,城市隨之增長和擴(kuò)張。城市擴(kuò)張往往牽涉到居住用地、農(nóng)業(yè)用地和林地。農(nóng)業(yè)用地和林地卻常常無法抵擋城市擴(kuò)張的洶洶勢頭。土地覆蓋土地利用制圖作為土地資源的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),是世界各國各級(jí)政府、環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)和私營企業(yè)所需要的。 遙感影像由于其自身擁有如多分辨率,覆蓋面廣,可重復(fù)的觀測和多／高光譜等技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于從局部到全球尺度上的土地覆蓋分類、目標(biāo)識(shí)別和專題圖制作,是一種可以進(jìn)行大區(qū)域土地利用類型分類的經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用且可重復(fù)觀測的方法。通過多時(shí)相分析,遙感能提供一個(gè)城市發(fā)展的獨(dú)特視角。鄉(xiāng)村和城市土地利用變化制圖的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是能區(qū)分鄉(xiāng)村土地利用(農(nóng)田、牧場、森林)和城市土地利用(住宅、商業(yè)、娛樂)。 隨著中國改革開放的逐步深化,經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,城鎮(zhèn)化水平的不斷提高,居住用地面積日趨擴(kuò)大。北京作為中國的首都,在20世紀(jì)末中國實(shí)行房地產(chǎn)市場改革以來,居住用地面積變化尤其明顯。監(jiān)控居住用地面積變化,首先必須獲取客觀準(zhǔn)確的獲得居住用地信息。本文以北京地區(qū)為研究區(qū),基于Landsat衛(wèi)星影像,分別采用非監(jiān)督分類法、光譜分析法、監(jiān)督分類法、面向?qū)ο蟮姆诸惙椒ㄒ约癗DBI指數(shù)法提取出研究區(qū)的居住用地信息,然后對(duì)提取結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度評(píng)價(jià)�；诒O(jiān)督分類的分類結(jié)果,結(jié)合實(shí)際調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),將研究區(qū)分為鄉(xiāng)村居住用地和城鎮(zhèn)居住用地。通過比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的分類方法在鄉(xiāng)村居住用地和城鎮(zhèn)居住用地的分類效果不同。本研究結(jié)合多分類器并聯(lián)組合的思想,將分類結(jié)果依據(jù)“勝者為王”的方法,將分類結(jié)果進(jìn)行嵌套組合,最終得到比較準(zhǔn)確的北京市居住用地信息。 最后基于提取的北京市居住用地信息,對(duì)北京市三十年來居住用地時(shí)空分布的規(guī)模特征、居住用地時(shí)空分布的強(qiáng)度特征和居住用地時(shí)空分布的形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了簡單分析。無論是五環(huán)內(nèi)或者五環(huán)以外,北京市整體用地規(guī)模在不斷擴(kuò)大。五環(huán)內(nèi)與五環(huán)內(nèi)居住用地面積均在增加,居住用地斑塊數(shù)整體在增加,出現(xiàn)減少的情況是因?yàn)槿舾尚〉陌邏K合并為較大的斑塊。五環(huán)內(nèi)的擴(kuò)張強(qiáng)度大于五環(huán)外的擴(kuò)展強(qiáng)度。本研究通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出北京市五環(huán)內(nèi)(市區(qū))、五環(huán)外(村鎮(zhèn))居住用地用地規(guī)模擴(kuò)大、用地?cái)U(kuò)展強(qiáng)度增加、形態(tài)特征上斑塊面積增加,連片增大同時(shí)五環(huán)外2005年和2009年居住用地有零散增加趨勢三個(gè)方面的變換特征,為進(jìn)一步更好的模擬預(yù)測、優(yōu)化提供有力支持。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the global population and the development of the national economy, the society gradually gets rid of the original situation of agriculture, the level of urbanization continues to improve, more and more people pour into the city, and the city grows and expands. Urban expansion often involves residential land, agricultural land and woodland. Agricultural land and woodland are often unable to resist the momentum of urban expansion. As the basic data of land resources, land cover mapping is needed by governments, environmental protection organizations and private enterprises all over the world. Remote sensing images have been widely used in land cover classification, target recognition and thematic mapping from local to global scale because of their own advantages such as multi-resolution, wide coverage, repeatable observation and multi-/ hyperspectral techniques. It is an economical, practical and repeatable method for classification of land use types in large areas. Through multi-temporal analysis, remote sensing can provide a unique perspective for urban development. A key factor in mapping rural and urban land-use change is the ability to distinguish between rural land use (farmland, pastures, forests) and urban land use (residential, commercial, recreational). With the gradual deepening of China's reform and opening up, the sustainable development of economic construction, the continuous improvement of urbanization level, the living land area is expanding day by day. Beijing is the capital of China. Since the reform of the real estate market in China in the late 20th century, the change of residential land area is especially obvious. To monitor the change of residential land area, we must obtain objective and accurate residential land information. In this paper, based on the Landsat satellite images in Beijing region, unsupervised classification, spectral analysis, supervised classification, object-oriented classification and NDBI index are used to extract the information of residential land in the study area. Then the accuracy of the extraction results is evaluated. Based on the results of supervised classification and actual survey data, the study is divided into rural residential land and urban residential land. Through comparative analysis, it is found that different classification methods have different classification effects on rural residential land and urban residential land. Combined with the idea of parallel combination of multiple classifiers, the classification results are nested and combined according to the method of "winner as king", and the more accurate information of residential land in Beijing is obtained. Finally, based on the extracted information of residential land in Beijing, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of residential land in Beijing in the past 30 years, the intensity characteristics of space-time distribution of residential land and the morphological characteristics of space-time distribution of residential land. No matter inside the five rings or outside the five rings, the overall scale of land use in Beijing is constantly expanding. The area of residential land in the five rings and five rings is increasing, and the number of patches in the residential land is increasing as a whole. The decrease is due to the combination of several small patches into larger patches. The expansion strength in the five rings is greater than that outside the five rings. In this study, it is concluded that the scale of residential land, the intensity of land expansion and the area of patch in the urban area and outside of the five rings of Beijing are increased. At the same time, there are three transformation characteristics of the scattered increasing trend of residential land outside the five rings in 2005 and 2009, which provide powerful support for further better simulation prediction and optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P237

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本文編號(hào)：1860740