發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-02 13:11

  本文選題：房地產(chǎn) + 宏觀調(diào)控　； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放以后,一直在推動(dòng)住房制度的改革,在經(jīng)過幾年左右的時(shí)間探索和實(shí)踐之后,全面住房制度改革于1998年正式展開,逐步結(jié)束了計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代實(shí)物分配、福利分房的住房制度,走上了住房商品化、分配貨幣化、交易市場(chǎng)化的改革道路。經(jīng)過十幾年的深化改革和加快發(fā)展,我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)居民的住房質(zhì)量和居住環(huán)境有了顯著的提高,多結(jié)構(gòu)多層次的住房供應(yīng)體系初步成型。但是另一方面,我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)在改革過程中也暴露出了諸多問題,如房?jī)r(jià)快速上漲、住房供求關(guān)系不平衡、房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)投資投機(jī)現(xiàn)象突出、保障性住房分配不公平等,房?jī)r(jià)快速持續(xù)上漲尤其是一線城市房?jī)r(jià)暴漲且居高不下的現(xiàn)象引起了政府和社會(huì)各界的高度重視。 房地產(chǎn)業(yè)與我國(guó)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密相聯(lián),宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的波動(dòng)將導(dǎo)致房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的波動(dòng),而房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的波動(dòng)也將對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生顯著影響。我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展出現(xiàn)的問題,影響了房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展,為了規(guī)范房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的秩序,政府出臺(tái)了一系列房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策。自2003年,我國(guó)把房地產(chǎn)業(yè)定位于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)以來,就不斷對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控。房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的宏觀調(diào)控呈現(xiàn)出常態(tài)化趨勢(shì),政策內(nèi)容不斷深入與強(qiáng)化,調(diào)控結(jié)果逐步顯現(xiàn),但一些新情況、新問題也漸露端倪,并可能影響宏觀調(diào)控政策效力的發(fā)揮和房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)未來的發(fā)展走向。因此,梳理和總結(jié)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)宏觀調(diào)控的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),適當(dāng)調(diào)整和完善房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策,對(duì)于規(guī)范我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文針對(duì)2003年至2013年這一時(shí)間段內(nèi),我國(guó)中央政府所出臺(tái)的一系列房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策進(jìn)行回顧和總結(jié),依托于政府與市場(chǎng)關(guān)系理論、政府行為理論和公共物品理論等經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的政策效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒新加坡和香港地區(qū)的房地產(chǎn)政策案例,從中提煉歸納出改善我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策的有益啟示,并結(jié)合評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策效果的結(jié)論,進(jìn)而為完善我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策提出可行性建議。基于上述思路,本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要分為六章,各章具體內(nèi)容如卜： 第一章,導(dǎo)論。本章主要論述了論文的研究背景和意義,交代了研究方法以及論文結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)了論文可能的創(chuàng)新和不足。本蘋指出住房問題已經(jīng)成為了困擾我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要難題,我國(guó)對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行持續(xù)不間斷的宏觀調(diào)控,但是宏觀調(diào)控結(jié)果并不是太理想,因此有必要針對(duì)近年來我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié),評(píng)判其政策效果以及分析政策失效原因,同時(shí)在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上完善我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康有序發(fā)展。本章明確了論文的研究方法和具體框架,針對(duì)全部研究?jī)?nèi)容總結(jié)了論文可能的創(chuàng)新和不足之處。 第二章,理論基礎(chǔ)和文獻(xiàn)綜述。本章主要闡釋了論文研究的理論基礎(chǔ),在閱讀、參考、理解已有文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策研究領(lǐng)域的研究成果進(jìn)行了綜述。本章中所闡釋的理論基礎(chǔ)主要為市場(chǎng)與政府關(guān)系理論、政府行為理論和公共物品理論。市場(chǎng)與政府關(guān)系理論是西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容,從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科的創(chuàng)立到繁榮發(fā)展的現(xiàn)在,市場(chǎng)與政府關(guān)系理論也經(jīng)歷了創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展,但實(shí)質(zhì)上依然是解釋在資源配置中市場(chǎng)與政府作用的劃分,即在自由主義與政府干預(yù)主義之間徘徊。房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)中要正確區(qū)分市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)作用和政府公共服務(wù)職能。政府行為理論是公共選擇學(xué)派的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容,是對(duì)政府行為和政策進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)解釋。政府對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控,出臺(tái)了一系列的政策,這些政府行為或政策目標(biāo)是什么。政府希望通過這些政策達(dá)到什么目標(biāo),宏觀調(diào)控政策的效果如何,這是本文關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。公共物品理論可以使我們明白物品的屬性,即私人物品和公共物品,公共物品的提供或者使用具有負(fù)外部性,因此需要政府提供。房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)并不能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)供求平衡,存在著市場(chǎng)失靈,不能夠滿足中低收入群體的住房需求,因此政府要發(fā)揮公共服務(wù)職能解決中低收入群體的住房問題。文獻(xiàn)綜述主要是介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者對(duì)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控和政策評(píng)價(jià)的一些研究成果,為本文后續(xù)的研究分析和政策建議提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。 第三章,我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的政策演變與效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)。本章把我國(guó)中央政府從2003年至2013年所出臺(tái)的房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策進(jìn)行了梳理總結(jié),以政策時(shí)間和經(jīng)濟(jì)背景為分割,把此時(shí)間段內(nèi)的宏觀調(diào)控過程劃分為三個(gè)階段。第一階段房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控(2003-2008年)期間,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了投資過熱、重復(fù)建設(shè)等問題,本階段調(diào)控的重點(diǎn)在于為固定資產(chǎn)投資熱尤其是為房地產(chǎn)投資過熱降溫、抑制房?jī)r(jià)的快速上漲；第二階段房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控(2008年中-2009年)期間,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)受到全球金融危機(jī)的影響,出口萎縮、經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷、GDP增速減緩,為了迅速使我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)走出低谷,本階段宏觀調(diào)控旨在鼓勵(lì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)投資,帶動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展而拉動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；第三階段房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控(2010年以來)期間,世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體尚未走出全球金融危機(jī)的影響,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和深化改革的轉(zhuǎn)型關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,本階段宏觀調(diào)控的主要目標(biāo)是穩(wěn)控房?jī)r(jià)、加大保障性住房投入、完善住房體系結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)我國(guó)的基本國(guó)情和房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的實(shí)際情況,本文把我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策效應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為房?jī)r(jià)是否相對(duì)穩(wěn)定、供求關(guān)系、社會(huì)公平三個(gè)部分。構(gòu)建上述三部分的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),通過對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)整理和分析,得到的結(jié)論是我國(guó)宏觀調(diào)控政策的實(shí)際效果并不理想。 第四章,我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策失效的原因分析。雖然我國(guó)中、央政府出臺(tái)的一系列房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策取得了一定的成效,但是并未完全實(shí)現(xiàn)宏觀調(diào)控政策的預(yù)期目標(biāo),我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展情形也沒有順利走上健康有序的道路。根據(jù)第三章我國(guó)宏觀調(diào)控政策的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,基于第二章的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ),從市場(chǎng)與政府的關(guān)系處理、中央政府與地方政府的政策博弈以及保障性住房中的政府供給三個(gè)角度來說明我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控失效的原因。 第五章,新加坡和香港地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)政策以及對(duì)我國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。本章通過詳細(xì)介紹新加坡和香港地區(qū)的房地產(chǎn)政策情況,歸納總結(jié)兩地房地產(chǎn)政策對(duì)于我國(guó)的有益啟示。新加坡和香港地區(qū)與我國(guó)文化都是一脈相承,具有很好的代表性。新加坡通過政府組屋政策很好地解決了新加坡居民的住房問題,有力地支撐了新加坡經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。香港地區(qū)也是通過類似的政府建設(shè)公營(yíng)房屋解決了中低收入群體的住房需求,但是隨著香港政府對(duì)于房地產(chǎn)政策尤其是公營(yíng)房屋政策的調(diào)整,出現(xiàn)了一些問題,這需要引起我們的注意和規(guī)避。 第六章,我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的政策建議。通過前幾章對(duì)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策演變與評(píng)價(jià)和政策失效的原因分析,結(jié)合新加坡和香港地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)政策的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),得出可行性政策建議。我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策的落腳點(diǎn)是公租房,通過大力建設(shè)公租房,構(gòu)建以公租房為主體的保障性住房體系,夯實(shí)我國(guó)住房制度的基石,加大經(jīng)濟(jì)手段調(diào)節(jié),利用金融、稅收、土地、財(cái)政等政策實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的有效性。 轉(zhuǎn)變我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的政策方向,努力構(gòu)建完善的保障性住房體系,通過保障中低收入群體的住房需求,形成“低端有保障、中端有市場(chǎng)、高端有調(diào)控”的科學(xué)合理住房制度格局,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康有序發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening - up in China , the reform of housing system has been promoted . After a few years of exploration and practice , the reform of housing system in China ' s real estate market has also exposed many problems , such as the rapid increase of housing prices , the imbalance of housing supply and demand relations , the investment speculation in the real estate market , the unequal distribution of affordable housing , the rapid and sustained rise of housing prices , especially in the first - tier cities , and the high priority of the government and the community .

Real estate industry is closely related to the macro - economy of our country . The fluctuation of the macro - economy will lead to the fluctuation of the real estate market , and the fluctuation of the real estate market will have a significant impact on the macro - economic development . In 2003 , the government issued a series of real estate macro - control policies .

This paper reviews and summarizes the macro - control policies of real estate in China from 2003 to 2013 . Based on the theories of government and market relations , government behavior theory and public goods theory , this paper evaluates the policy effect of China ' s real estate macro - control policy .

Chapter One , Introduction . This chapter mainly discusses the background and significance of the thesis , discusses the methods of research and the structure of the paper , summarizes the possible innovations and shortcomings of the paper . It points out that housing problem has become an important problem which has puzzled our country ' s economic and social harmony and stability . But the macro - control results are not too ideal . At the same time , we should improve our country ' s real estate macro - control policy and realize the healthy and orderly development of our real estate market .

Chapter 2 , the theoretical foundation and the literature review . This chapter mainly explains the theoretical basis of the research of the thesis , summarizes the research results in the field of macro - control policy research of real estate by scholars both at home and abroad on the basis of reading , consulting and understanding the existing literature .

In chapter 3 , the policy evolution and effect evaluation of the macro - control of real estate in China are summarized , and the macro - control process in this period is divided into three stages based on the policy time and the economic background .
During the second - stage real estate macro - control ( mid - 2009 - 2009 ) , our country ' s economy is affected by the global financial crisis , the export is shrinking , the economy is depressed , the GDP growth rate is slowed down , in order to quickly bring the national economy out of the valley , the macro - control in this stage is designed to encourage the real estate market to invest and drive the development of the related industry to stimulate the growth of the national economy ;
During the third phase of real estate macro - control ( since 2010 ) , the major economies of the world have not yet come out of the global financial crisis . Our economy is in the key period of industrial upgrading and deepening reform . The main objective of macro - control in this stage is to stabilize the house prices , increase the investment of affordable housing and improve the housing structure . According to the country ' s basic national conditions and the real situation of the real estate market , this paper divides the evaluation criteria of the macro - control policy effect of real estate in our country into three parts : whether the house price is relatively stable , the supply and demand relationship and the social equity .

In chapter four , the reasons for the failure of macro - control policy of real estate in China are analyzed . Although China and Central Government have made some achievements in macro - control policies , the development of real estate market in our country has not smoothly embarked on a healthy and orderly way . According to the third chapter , the economic theory foundation of China ' s macro - control policy is based on the relationship between the market and the government , the policy game between the central government and the local government and the government supply in the safeguard housing .

Chapter V , Singapore and the Hong Kong area real estate policy and the experience of our country . This chapter introduces the real estate policy in Singapore and Hong Kong and summarizes the beneficial enlightenment of the real estate policy of the two places to our country . Singapore and the Hong Kong region and our culture are very good representative . Singapore has solved the housing demand of the middle - and low - income group through similar government construction public housing policy , but with the government ' s adjustment to the real estate policy , especially the public housing policy , there are some problems , which needs to arouse our attention and avoid .

Chapter 6 , the policy suggestion on macro - control of real estate in our country . Through the analysis of the change and evaluation of the macro - control policy of real estate in our country and the reasons of the policy failure in the first few chapters , this paper puts forward the feasibility policy suggestion based on the successful experience of the real estate policy in Singapore and Hong Kong .

In order to realize the healthy and orderly development of the real estate market in China , the policy direction of China ' s real estate macro - control is changed , and efforts are made to construct a perfect safeguard housing system .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23;F123.16

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2 李健正;肖棣文;;社會(huì)政策視角下的香港住房政策:積極不干預(yù)主義的悖論[J];公共行政評(píng)論;2009年06期

3 望曉東;張效軍;袁中友;;房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)及相關(guān)思考[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革;2008年04期

4 劉宏長(zhǎng);;中國(guó)能否借鑒新加坡“政府組屋”制度[J];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)周刊;2006年37期

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6 金海燕;任宏;;1998～2009年我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控政策效果綜合評(píng)價(jià)[J];建筑經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年08期

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