【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的加快,雙邊甚至多邊國際貿(mào)易越來越頻繁,單純依靠關(guān)稅的降低不能很好的促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。在UNECE、APEC、OECD等國際組織的大力倡導(dǎo)下,貿(mào)易便利化問題的研究成為各個經(jīng)濟(jì)體研究的重中之重,越來越成為促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易市場繁榮的根本問題。中國也將貿(mào)易便利化問題列入十二屆人大三次會議的政府報告,從貿(mào)易環(huán)境、政府環(huán)境和海關(guān)等維度來實現(xiàn)國際貿(mào)易中的便利化,為企業(yè)出口創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境。中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口占我國產(chǎn)品出口的比重不斷增加,已成為中國出口行業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),但隨著近幾年來國際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢不景氣,如何提升中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急的問題,而貿(mào)易便利化的提出為解決這個問題提供了新的思路。本文通過研究亞太經(jīng)合組織(APEC)中不同國家的貿(mào)易便利化問題,為中國的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口提供建議。本文首先對貿(mào)易便利化的內(nèi)涵和相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了梳理,并在此基礎(chǔ)上深入分析了APEC貿(mào)易便利化影響機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口的作用機(jī)理。貿(mào)易便利化水平對于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口的影響主要是通過以下四個要素來影響的:交通效率、貿(mào)易環(huán)境、政府環(huán)境和電子商務(wù)。其中,交通效率包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和運(yùn)營效率;貿(mào)易環(huán)境表現(xiàn)為貿(mào)易政策和海關(guān)兩個方面;政府環(huán)境包括政府效率和法律監(jiān)管;電子商務(wù)通過硬件設(shè)施建設(shè)和新技術(shù)來影響產(chǎn)品出口。其次對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了利弊分析,現(xiàn)狀表明中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口在中國產(chǎn)品出口所占比例趨于穩(wěn)定,在國際競爭中面臨著嚴(yán)峻的形式。再次根據(jù)前人的研究,參考國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的建議,將衡量貿(mào)易便利化的指標(biāo)細(xì)分為三級指標(biāo),通過22個三級指標(biāo)來測算出17個中國主要貿(mào)易國家的貿(mào)易便利化水平,構(gòu)建科學(xué)的、全面的貿(mào)易便利化測評體系,測量結(jié)果表明中國相關(guān)測評排名處于中等偏下的水平,距離世界頂尖國家仍然有很大的進(jìn)步空間,并且貿(mào)易便利化水平大體與一國GDP總量有著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。之后利用引力模型進(jìn)行實證研究,通過實證分析17個國家2006年到2015年10年的面板數(shù)據(jù),將貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)引入到引力模型進(jìn)行影響因素的研究,研究表明進(jìn)口中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的國家貿(mào)易便利化水平的提高對我國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口比單純減免關(guān)稅有著更加積極地促進(jìn)作用,并且在四個一級指標(biāo)中電子商務(wù)對于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口影響最大。最后通過分析實證結(jié)果為改善中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口給出了相關(guān)的建議。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, bilateral and even multilateral international trade is becoming more and more frequent. Simply relying on the reduction of tariffs is not a good way to promote the development of international trade. Under the initiative of UNECE,APEC,OECD and other international organizations, the study of trade facilitation has become the most important issue in the study of various economies, and has become the fundamental problem to promote the prosperity of the international trade market. China has also included the issue of trade facilitation in the government report of the third session of the Twelfth National people's Congress to facilitate international trade from the perspectives of trade environment, government environment and customs to create a good environment for enterprises' exports. The export of China's mechanical and electrical products, which account for an increasing proportion of China's exports, has become a pillar industry in China's export industry. However, with the recession of the international economic situation in recent years, How to promote the export of China's mechanical and electrical products has become an urgent issue, and the proposal of trade facilitation provides a new way to solve this problem. By studying the trade facilitation of different countries in APEC (APEC), this paper provides some advice for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, the connotation and related theories of trade facilitation are reviewed, and the mechanism of APEC trade facilitation affecting the export of mechanical and electrical products is analyzed. The influence of the level of trade facilitation on the export of mechanical and electrical products is mainly affected by the following four factors: traffic efficiency, trade environment, government environment and electronic commerce. Among them, traffic efficiency includes infrastructure construction and operation efficiency, trade environment includes trade policy and customs, government environment includes government efficiency and legal supervision. E-commerce influences the export of products through hardware facilities and new technologies. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products are analyzed. The present situation shows that the proportion of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products in the export of China's products tends to be stable, and it is facing a severe form in the international competition. Thirdly, according to the previous research, referring to the suggestions of domestic and foreign scholars, the index of measuring trade facilitation is subdivided into three levels, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is calculated through 22 three levels of indicators, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is constructed scientifically. The comprehensive trade facilitation evaluation system shows that China's relative evaluation ranking is at a moderate and lower level, and there is still a lot of room for improvement from the top countries in the world. And there is a positive correlation between the level of trade facilitation and the total GDP of a country. Then using gravity model to conduct empirical research, through empirical analysis of 17 countries from 2006 to 2015 10 years of panel data, trade facilitation indicators are introduced to gravity model to study the impact factors. The research shows that the improvement of the level of trade facilitation of the countries importing Chinese mechanical and electrical products has a more active role in promoting the export of China's mechanical and electrical products than the mere reduction of tariffs. And in the four first-level indicators, electronic commerce has the greatest impact on the export of mechanical and electrical products. Finally, through the analysis of empirical results to improve the export of China's mechanical and electrical products to give the relevant recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.62

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