發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-22 07:39

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的加快,雙邊甚至多邊國(guó)際貿(mào)易越來(lái)越頻繁,單純依靠關(guān)稅的降低不能很好的促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。在UNECE、APEC、OECD等國(guó)際組織的大力倡導(dǎo)下,貿(mào)易便利化問(wèn)題的研究成為各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體研究的重中之重,越來(lái)越成為促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)繁榮的根本問(wèn)題。中國(guó)也將貿(mào)易便利化問(wèn)題列入十二屆人大三次會(huì)議的政府報(bào)告,從貿(mào)易環(huán)境、政府環(huán)境和海關(guān)等維度來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的便利化,為企業(yè)出口創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境。中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口占我國(guó)產(chǎn)品出口的比重不斷增加,已成為中國(guó)出口行業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),但隨著近幾年來(lái)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)不景氣,如何提升中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急的問(wèn)題,而貿(mào)易便利化的提出為解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題提供了新的思路。本文通過(guò)研究亞太經(jīng)合組織(APEC)中不同國(guó)家的貿(mào)易便利化問(wèn)題,為中國(guó)的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口提供建議。本文首先對(duì)貿(mào)易便利化的內(nèi)涵和相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了梳理,并在此基礎(chǔ)上深入分析了APEC貿(mào)易便利化影響機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口的作用機(jī)理。貿(mào)易便利化水平對(duì)于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口的影響主要是通過(guò)以下四個(gè)要素來(lái)影響的:交通效率、貿(mào)易環(huán)境、政府環(huán)境和電子商務(wù)。其中,交通效率包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)效率;貿(mào)易環(huán)境表現(xiàn)為貿(mào)易政策和海關(guān)兩個(gè)方面;政府環(huán)境包括政府效率和法律監(jiān)管;電子商務(wù)通過(guò)硬件設(shè)施建設(shè)和新技術(shù)來(lái)影響產(chǎn)品出口。其次對(duì)中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了利弊分析,現(xiàn)狀表明中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口在中國(guó)產(chǎn)品出口所占比例趨于穩(wěn)定,在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中面臨著嚴(yán)峻的形式。再次根據(jù)前人的研究,參考國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的建議,將衡量貿(mào)易便利化的指標(biāo)細(xì)分為三級(jí)指標(biāo),通過(guò)22個(gè)三級(jí)指標(biāo)來(lái)測(cè)算出17個(gè)中國(guó)主要貿(mào)易國(guó)家的貿(mào)易便利化水平,構(gòu)建科學(xué)的、全面的貿(mào)易便利化測(cè)評(píng)體系,測(cè)量結(jié)果表明中國(guó)相關(guān)測(cè)評(píng)排名處于中等偏下的水平,距離世界頂尖國(guó)家仍然有很大的進(jìn)步空間,并且貿(mào)易便利化水平大體與一國(guó)GDP總量有著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。之后利用引力模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,通過(guò)實(shí)證分析17個(gè)國(guó)家2006年到2015年10年的面板數(shù)據(jù),將貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)引入到引力模型進(jìn)行影響因素的研究,研究表明進(jìn)口中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的國(guó)家貿(mào)易便利化水平的提高對(duì)我國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口比單純減免關(guān)稅有著更加積極地促進(jìn)作用,并且在四個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)中電子商務(wù)對(duì)于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口影響最大。最后通過(guò)分析實(shí)證結(jié)果為改善中國(guó)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的出口給出了相關(guān)的建議。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, bilateral and even multilateral international trade is becoming more and more frequent. Simply relying on the reduction of tariffs is not a good way to promote the development of international trade. Under the initiative of UNECE,APEC,OECD and other international organizations, the study of trade facilitation has become the most important issue in the study of various economies, and has become the fundamental problem to promote the prosperity of the international trade market. China has also included the issue of trade facilitation in the government report of the third session of the Twelfth National people's Congress to facilitate international trade from the perspectives of trade environment, government environment and customs to create a good environment for enterprises' exports. The export of China's mechanical and electrical products, which account for an increasing proportion of China's exports, has become a pillar industry in China's export industry. However, with the recession of the international economic situation in recent years, How to promote the export of China's mechanical and electrical products has become an urgent issue, and the proposal of trade facilitation provides a new way to solve this problem. By studying the trade facilitation of different countries in APEC (APEC), this paper provides some advice for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, the connotation and related theories of trade facilitation are reviewed, and the mechanism of APEC trade facilitation affecting the export of mechanical and electrical products is analyzed. The influence of the level of trade facilitation on the export of mechanical and electrical products is mainly affected by the following four factors: traffic efficiency, trade environment, government environment and electronic commerce. Among them, traffic efficiency includes infrastructure construction and operation efficiency, trade environment includes trade policy and customs, government environment includes government efficiency and legal supervision. E-commerce influences the export of products through hardware facilities and new technologies. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products are analyzed. The present situation shows that the proportion of the export of China's mechanical and electrical products in the export of China's products tends to be stable, and it is facing a severe form in the international competition. Thirdly, according to the previous research, referring to the suggestions of domestic and foreign scholars, the index of measuring trade facilitation is subdivided into three levels, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is calculated through 22 three levels of indicators, and the level of trade facilitation of 17 major trading countries in China is constructed scientifically. The comprehensive trade facilitation evaluation system shows that China's relative evaluation ranking is at a moderate and lower level, and there is still a lot of room for improvement from the top countries in the world. And there is a positive correlation between the level of trade facilitation and the total GDP of a country. Then using gravity model to conduct empirical research, through empirical analysis of 17 countries from 2006 to 2015 10 years of panel data, trade facilitation indicators are introduced to gravity model to study the impact factors. The research shows that the improvement of the level of trade facilitation of the countries importing Chinese mechanical and electrical products has a more active role in promoting the export of China's mechanical and electrical products than the mere reduction of tariffs. And in the four first-level indicators, electronic commerce has the greatest impact on the export of mechanical and electrical products. Finally, through the analysis of empirical results to improve the export of China's mechanical and electrical products to give the relevant recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62

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