發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 12:19

  本文選題：碳排放 + 開放式車輛路徑問題　； 參考：《重慶交通大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：世界各國在注重經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的同時,開始重視生態(tài)環(huán)境變化,逐漸將節(jié)能減排納入到社會發(fā)展的各個領域。特別是產生高碳排放的交通運輸領域,在經(jīng)濟全球化和電子商務的雙重推動下,物流業(yè)務量不斷攀升,物流外包活動日漸頻繁,第三方物流配送活動也愈來愈多,這導致了大量溫室氣體的產生,實施低碳運輸和配送也成為了公路貨運領域發(fā)展的必然趨勢。合理的車輛路徑?jīng)Q策在降低運營成本的同時也能有效的減少碳排量,因此,考慮碳排放的車輛路徑問題研究已經(jīng)成為了一種實現(xiàn)“綠色物流”的重要途徑。根據(jù)節(jié)能減排在車輛路徑問題中潛在的可行性以及當前的物流外包活動現(xiàn)狀,提出了考慮載重與時間約束的開放式污染路徑問題,創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在優(yōu)化建模、算法設計與仿真分析方面,并作為本文的重點進行研究。首先,通過分析配送過程中碳排放與油耗之間的關系,構建了估算碳排放的數(shù)學模型,并基于此建立了開放式污染路徑問題優(yōu)化模型;其次,對各種算法的特點和優(yōu)劣進行對比分析,根據(jù)模型特點,選擇遺傳算法作為求解算法,并基于遺傳算法結合掃描算法設計了混合搜索機制,從而大大降低了遺傳算法早熟的缺陷,提高了算法的求解性能;最后,通過算例進行仿真分析,對模型的可行性和算法的時效性進行了仿真實驗,并考慮了物流外包活動中各方參與者的影響,從新的角度分析如何在開放式車輛路徑問題中實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排。車輛路徑問題中碳排放受到車輛、環(huán)境、交通、司機、運營等相關方面諸多因素的影響,運營決策過程中可以針對車型選擇、載重量、車速等影響碳排放的可控因素,通過優(yōu)化建模和算法設計找到碳排放最少的車輛行駛路徑;通過仿真實驗對比分析可以得出,碳排放量與載重率、行駛距離的變化息息相關,合理規(guī)劃車輛行駛路徑,使行駛距離最短或者車輛的整體載重率下降,可以有效的減少碳排放;對于開放式車輛路徑問題中的不同目標主體,無論是物流外包企業(yè)還是第三方物流都只是單純地考慮經(jīng)濟效益,但通過不同目標方案之間的比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn),各方之間也存在著一定的目標一致性,這就能通過車輛路徑問題優(yōu)化找到滿足各方利益要求的配送方案。因此,合理的車輛路徑規(guī)劃可以有效的實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排,在研究車輛路徑優(yōu)化問題時考慮如何節(jié)能減排有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義和應用價值。
[Abstract]:While paying attention to the economic development, countries in the world begin to pay attention to the ecological environment change and gradually bring energy saving and emission reduction into various fields of social development. Especially in the field of transportation, which produces high carbon emissions, with the dual promotion of economic globalization and electronic commerce, the volume of logistics business is rising, the outsourcing activities of logistics are becoming more and more frequent, and the distribution activities of third party logistics are also more and more. This has led to the production of a large number of greenhouse gases, the implementation of low-carbon transport and distribution has become an inevitable trend in the field of road freight. Reasonable vehicle routing decision can reduce the operating cost and reduce the carbon emission effectively. Therefore, the research on the vehicle routing problem considering carbon emissions has become an important way to realize "green logistics". According to the potential feasibility of energy saving and emission reduction in vehicle routing problem and the current situation of logistics outsourcing activities, the open pollution path problem considering load and time constraints is proposed. The innovation is mainly reflected in the optimization of modeling. Algorithm design and simulation analysis, and as the focus of this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the relationship between carbon emissions and fuel consumption in distribution process, a mathematical model for estimating carbon emissions is constructed, and an open pollution path optimization model is established based on this model. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms are compared and analyzed. According to the characteristics of the model, genetic algorithm is selected as the solution algorithm, and a hybrid search mechanism is designed based on genetic algorithm combined with scanning algorithm. Thus greatly reduce the genetic algorithm premature defects and improve the performance of the algorithm. Finally, the feasibility of the model and the timeliness of the algorithm are simulated. Considering the influence of participants in logistics outsourcing, this paper analyzes how to realize energy saving and emission reduction in the open vehicle routing problem from a new perspective. The carbon emission in the vehicle path problem is affected by many related factors, such as vehicle, environment, traffic, driver, operation and so on. In the process of operation decision, we can control the factors that affect carbon emissions, such as vehicle selection, load, speed and so on. Through optimization modeling and algorithm design to find the vehicle path with the least carbon emissions, through the simulation experiments, we can find that carbon emissions are closely related to the change of load rate and driving distance, the reasonable planning of the vehicle driving path, Carbon emissions can be effectively reduced by the shortest driving distance or the reduction of the overall load rate of the vehicle; for the different target subjects in the open vehicle routing problem, Both logistics outsourcing enterprises and third party logistics only consider economic benefits, but through the comparative analysis of different target schemes, it is found that there is a certain consistency of objectives between the parties. This can optimize the vehicle routing problem to find the distribution scheme to meet the interests of all parties. Therefore, reasonable vehicle path planning can effectively achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It has important practical significance and application value to consider how to save energy and reduce emissions in the study of vehicle path optimization.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U492.22;F252

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本文編號：1968737