【摘要】：社會保障本質(zhì)上是一種收入再分配的制度，是對國民收入進行的一種再分配形式。生育保險作為社會保障制度的構成，本身就是一種經(jīng)濟再分配機制。而作為生育保險重要組成部分的生育津貼，以及對于生育津貼標準的厘定，又直接關系到生育保險基金在生育婦女之間究竟該如何恰當分配的問題。 研究生育津貼標準的政策選擇問題，其意義遠超過生育保險制度本身。社會保障是一個紛繁復雜而又龐大的社會再分配系統(tǒng)，有眾多的層次、項目及其待遇。雖然其總體的價值判斷和取向往往趨向于一致，但如果具體到不同層次、不同項目及其待遇上，由于其細分的特點而會產(chǎn)生諸多的差別，從而引發(fā)政策選擇的不同考量，有些甚至可能會產(chǎn)生矛盾和沖突。因而研究生育保險標準的政策選擇問題，具有普遍的共性意義。 本文在研究方法上采了文獻研究、實證分析、比較分析等方法，形成對事實的科學認識。有目的、有計劃、有系統(tǒng)地搜集各方面資料，比較國內(nèi)外生育保險政策及其實踐過程，作為客觀參考和借鑒。分析現(xiàn)有的有關生育保險制度方面的不同研究理論，比較不同理念間的聯(lián)系和沖突，爭取找到一個均衡點，制定出一個科學合理、真正發(fā)揮生育保險應有作用的支付標準。 生育津貼標準經(jīng)歷了從各地標準執(zhí)行的不一致到最終統(tǒng)一按《社會保險法》所規(guī)定的標準計發(fā)的過程�，F(xiàn)行標準有其重要的現(xiàn)實意義和巨大作用，但同時也或多或少存在著一些問題，諸如標準的界定過于單一化等。 不同的政策選擇，無不折射出政府對于生育保險制度所持價值立場、價值態(tài)度和傾向的不同判斷。生育保險政策選擇時應當首先確定生育保險的基本屬性，明確其正確的價值判斷和取向。同時審慎考量多種關系共同的影響，尋求應當被優(yōu)先貫徹的理念或原則。避免在小范圍內(nèi)求得分配相對均等的同時，在更大范圍內(nèi)制造出新的不均衡的情況發(fā)生。 應當堅持公平優(yōu)先理念，縮小職工間的收入差距，傾斜保護弱勢群體，肯定廣大女職工的人類再生產(chǎn)價值，保障幼兒權益，展現(xiàn)社會關懷，突出社會責任。 生育津貼標準雖不能確定在一個過高的支付水平上，但應充分考慮生育婦女的基本生活保障需要。以使標準的增長能做到與物價上漲水平相適應，與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平相適應。盡可能照顧到大多數(shù)人的利益，兼顧好各種理念及原則。從維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定的角度出發(fā)，為大多數(shù)生育婦女在這一特殊時期提供更好的生活保障，讓發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民。
[Abstract]:Social security is essentially a system of income redistribution and a form of redistribution of national income. As the constitution of social security system, maternity insurance itself is an economic redistribution mechanism. As an important part of maternity insurance, maternity allowance and the determination of the rate of maternity allowance are directly related to the proper distribution of maternity insurance fund among women. The study of the policy choice of maternity allowance rates is far more significant than the maternity insurance system itself. Social security is a complicated and huge social redistribution system, there are many levels, projects and treatment. Although its overall value judgment and orientation tend to be consistent, if specific to different levels, different projects and their treatment, due to their characteristics of subdivision, there will be a lot of differences, which will lead to different considerations of policy choices, Some may even produce contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, it is of universal significance to study the policy choice of maternity insurance standards. In this paper, literature research, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and other methods are adopted to form a scientific understanding of the facts. Objective, planned, systematic collection of all aspects of data, comparison of domestic and foreign birth insurance policies and their practical process, as an objective reference and reference. This paper analyzes the different research theories about maternity insurance system, compares the relations and conflicts between different ideas, tries to find a balance point, and formulates a scientific and reasonable payment standard for giving full play to the proper function of maternity insurance. The rates of maternity allowance go from the inconsistent implementation of local standards to the final harmonization of the standards stipulated in the Social Security Act. The current standard has its important practical significance and great effect, but at the same time, there are also some problems, such as the definition of the standard is too simple and so on. Different policy choices reflect the government's different judgment on the value position, attitude and tendency of maternity insurance system. Birth insurance policy choice should first determine the basic attributes of maternity insurance, make clear its correct value judgment and orientation. At the same time, carefully consider the common impact of a variety of relationships and seek ideas or principles that should be implemented as a matter of priority. In order to avoid the occurrence of new imbalance in a larger range, a relatively equal distribution can be obtained in a small range at the same time. We should adhere to the idea of giving priority to fairness, narrow the income gap between workers, favor the protection of vulnerable groups, affirm the value of human reproduction of the vast number of female workers, safeguard the rights and interests of young children, show social concern and highlight social responsibility. Although the rate of maternity allowance can not be determined at an excessive level of payment, the basic living security needs of reproductive women should be fully taken into account. In order to make the standard growth can be consistent with the level of price rise, and the level of economic development. As much as possible to take into account the interests of the majority of people, taking into account all kinds of ideas and principles. From the point of view of maintaining social harmony and stability, the majority of childbearing women will be guaranteed a better life in this special period, so that the benefits of development will be more and more equitable for all people.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.617

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