農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障的政策及其在益陽的實踐研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-27 20:52
【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,我國早在上世紀末就已邁入老齡化國家行列。鑒于農(nóng)業(yè)大國的背景,對農(nóng)村人口老齡化和農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障問題的研究一直是我國社會保障制度所關注的焦點問題,如何滿足農(nóng)村老年群體對經(jīng)濟、醫(yī)療、精神等各方面的需求,不僅是社會發(fā)展所面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn),也是我黨踐行“以人為本”精神,促進社會安定和諧的重要保障。為解決這一問題,回顧并思考黨在歷史上不同時期的農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障政策變遷,既可給予現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)老保障制度以補充,又可給未來養(yǎng)老保障制度的發(fā)展提供參考,具有相當重要的意義。 本文以1949年為時間分割點,從建國前、后兩大方面來對黨的農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障思想和政策的發(fā)展軌跡進行闡述。建國前主要是指革命戰(zhàn)爭年代,受“農(nóng)村包圍城市”路線和戰(zhàn)爭形勢的影響,黨在農(nóng)村試探性、小范圍的開展養(yǎng)老保障工作,為黨日后革命的勝利打下了群眾基礎,具有非常重要的意義。建國后主要分為改革開放前和改革開放后兩個階段：改革開放前,由于經(jīng)濟條件的限制和“文革”等政治因素的破壞,黨在農(nóng)村的養(yǎng)老保障工作發(fā)展緩慢,主要是以優(yōu)撫安置和社會救濟為主,出現(xiàn)了農(nóng)村集體養(yǎng)老保障制度的雛形并取得了一定的成績；十一屆三中全會以后,伴隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速增長和黨對民生問題的高度重視,我國農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障工作開始了由傳統(tǒng)型向現(xiàn)代型的轉變,以新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險制度為代表的農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代社會養(yǎng)老保障制度不斷發(fā)展。黨的農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障政策來源于實踐,也應該以實踐為標準進行自我調(diào)整和提升,對現(xiàn)實情況進行具體調(diào)研和客觀總結。文中筆者以湖南省益陽市資陽區(qū)農(nóng)村地區(qū)為案例進行分析,通過實地調(diào)查,系統(tǒng)考察了該地區(qū)在不同時期的養(yǎng)老保障政策的歷史演變,且通過個別訪談、集體座談、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計與分析等研究方法的運用,試圖全面反映該地區(qū)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障問題的過去與現(xiàn)在。 在全面綜合理論研究與實地調(diào)研結果的基礎上,本文對我國農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障的基本現(xiàn)狀進行了較為深入的思考,就完善現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障制度提出了積極推進新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老文化的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新、加強農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障法制及相關制度建設、不斷提高農(nóng)村居民經(jīng)濟收入水平等建議,以期對我國宏觀視域下的農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障問題的研究和解決起到一定的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, China has entered the ranks of aging countries as early as the end of last century. In view of the background of a large agricultural country, the research on the aging of rural population and rural old-age security has always been the focus of our social security system. How to meet the needs of rural elderly groups in economic, medical, spiritual and other aspects is the focus of our country's social security system. It is not only a great challenge for social development, but also an important guarantee for our party to practice "people-oriented" spirit and promote social stability and harmony. In order to solve this problem, we review and think about the changes of the Party's rural old-age security policy in different periods of history, which can not only supplement the existing old-age security system, but also provide a reference for the future development of the old-age security system. It is of considerable significance. Taking 1949 as the dividing point of time, this paper expounds the development track of the Party's rural old-age security thought and policy from the two aspects before and after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, it mainly refers to the revolutionary war era, influenced by the "rural encirclement of the city" line and the war situation, and the tentative nature of the Party in the countryside and the small-scale development of the old-age security work, which laid the mass foundation for the victory of the Party's future revolution. It is of great significance. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was divided into two stages: before the reform and opening up, due to the restriction of economic conditions and the destruction of political factors such as the "Cultural Revolution", the old-age security work of the Party in rural areas developed slowly. The system of rural collective old-age security has taken shape and made some achievements, mainly on the basis of priority-care placement and social relief. After the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, along with the rapid growth of the social economy and the high emphasis of the Party on people's livelihood, the work of rural old-age security in China began to transform from a traditional type to a modern one. The modern rural social old-age insurance system, represented by the new rural social endowment insurance system, has been developing continuously. The rural old-age security policy of the Party comes from practice and should be adjusted and promoted according to practice, and the actual situation should be investigated and summarized objectively. Taking the rural area of Ziyang District in Yiyang City of Hunan Province as a case study, the author systematically investigates the historical evolution of the pension security policy in different periods through field investigation, and through individual interviews and collective discussion, the author makes a systematic investigation on the historical evolution of the old-age security policy in this area in different periods. The application of data statistics and analysis is an attempt to reflect the past and present of the old-age security problem in rural areas of this area in an all-round way. On the basis of comprehensive theoretical research and on-the-spot research results, this paper makes a deep consideration of the basic situation of rural old-age security in China. On improving the existing rural old-age security system, this paper puts forward some suggestions such as actively promoting the development and innovation of the new rural pension culture, strengthening the legal system of rural old-age security and related systems, and continuously improving the level of rural residents' economic income, and so on. In order to play a certain role in the study and solution of rural old-age security under the macro-perspective of our country.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.89;F842.67
本文編號：2431568
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, China has entered the ranks of aging countries as early as the end of last century. In view of the background of a large agricultural country, the research on the aging of rural population and rural old-age security has always been the focus of our social security system. How to meet the needs of rural elderly groups in economic, medical, spiritual and other aspects is the focus of our country's social security system. It is not only a great challenge for social development, but also an important guarantee for our party to practice "people-oriented" spirit and promote social stability and harmony. In order to solve this problem, we review and think about the changes of the Party's rural old-age security policy in different periods of history, which can not only supplement the existing old-age security system, but also provide a reference for the future development of the old-age security system. It is of considerable significance. Taking 1949 as the dividing point of time, this paper expounds the development track of the Party's rural old-age security thought and policy from the two aspects before and after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, it mainly refers to the revolutionary war era, influenced by the "rural encirclement of the city" line and the war situation, and the tentative nature of the Party in the countryside and the small-scale development of the old-age security work, which laid the mass foundation for the victory of the Party's future revolution. It is of great significance. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was divided into two stages: before the reform and opening up, due to the restriction of economic conditions and the destruction of political factors such as the "Cultural Revolution", the old-age security work of the Party in rural areas developed slowly. The system of rural collective old-age security has taken shape and made some achievements, mainly on the basis of priority-care placement and social relief. After the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, along with the rapid growth of the social economy and the high emphasis of the Party on people's livelihood, the work of rural old-age security in China began to transform from a traditional type to a modern one. The modern rural social old-age insurance system, represented by the new rural social endowment insurance system, has been developing continuously. The rural old-age security policy of the Party comes from practice and should be adjusted and promoted according to practice, and the actual situation should be investigated and summarized objectively. Taking the rural area of Ziyang District in Yiyang City of Hunan Province as a case study, the author systematically investigates the historical evolution of the pension security policy in different periods through field investigation, and through individual interviews and collective discussion, the author makes a systematic investigation on the historical evolution of the old-age security policy in this area in different periods. The application of data statistics and analysis is an attempt to reflect the past and present of the old-age security problem in rural areas of this area in an all-round way. On the basis of comprehensive theoretical research and on-the-spot research results, this paper makes a deep consideration of the basic situation of rural old-age security in China. On improving the existing rural old-age security system, this paper puts forward some suggestions such as actively promoting the development and innovation of the new rural pension culture, strengthening the legal system of rural old-age security and related systems, and continuously improving the level of rural residents' economic income, and so on. In order to play a certain role in the study and solution of rural old-age security under the macro-perspective of our country.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.89;F842.67
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