【摘要】：目前我國(guó)的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度是為我國(guó)公民因年齡大而喪失勞動(dòng)能力被迫離開(kāi)工作崗位，或是已經(jīng)滿足國(guó)家法律規(guī)定的工作年限，正常退休后提供基本生活保障而建立的一種托底性的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度。主要針對(duì)我國(guó)公民達(dá)到法定退休年齡后的一般老年生活所需，實(shí)際上遠(yuǎn)不能滿足高齡老人中大量需要長(zhǎng)期照料的失智、失能老人的生活需要，已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越多的家庭發(fā)現(xiàn)，一旦家中有老人臥床不起，需要長(zhǎng)期照料，或家有老年癡呆病患者，需要長(zhǎng)期看護(hù)時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)一下子加重起來(lái)，而且常常飽受春節(jié)、長(zhǎng)假等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)假日請(qǐng)不到保姆以及保姆往往素質(zhì)較低不懂得專(zhuān)業(yè)護(hù)理知識(shí)、技能等等諸多煩惱，，隨著國(guó)家老齡化現(xiàn)象日趨嚴(yán)重，未來(lái)10年上述問(wèn)題將困擾越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)式4-2-1家庭。家庭是社會(huì)的細(xì)胞，大量的家庭不穩(wěn)定，必將導(dǎo)致社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定，國(guó)家需要從宏觀層面對(duì)“養(yǎng)老護(hù)理”問(wèn)題拿出一個(gè)切實(shí)的解決方案。 對(duì)子女的疼愛(ài)是人之天性，對(duì)老人的關(guān)愛(ài)才是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)歐美、日本等早先進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)的國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老體系研究，并結(jié)合中國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀和老齡化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，前瞻性地提出由國(guó)家強(qiáng)制建立養(yǎng)老護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度，通過(guò)個(gè)人參與投保、中央、地方財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼的方式，建立起養(yǎng)老護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)基金，專(zhuān)門(mén)用于失智、失能老人的護(hù)理支出，建立嚴(yán)格的分類(lèi)分級(jí)制度，給予每位投保老人相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)貼，解決家庭獨(dú)立承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的問(wèn)題；同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)養(yǎng)老護(hù)理工作社會(huì)化與市場(chǎng)化相結(jié)合，建立專(zhuān)業(yè)的機(jī)構(gòu)評(píng)級(jí)和護(hù)理員能力評(píng)定制度，規(guī)范養(yǎng)老護(hù)理行業(yè)，使得高齡失智、失能老人無(wú)論家境如何，都能享有普惠式的基本養(yǎng)老護(hù)理保障，真正體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家制度的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:At present, the pension insurance system in our country is for our citizens to be forced to leave their jobs because of their old age, or because they have already met the number of years of work prescribed by the state law. A supporting social insurance system established to provide basic living security after normal retirement. Mainly aimed at the needs of ordinary old people who have reached the legal retirement age in our country, in fact, they are far from meeting the needs of a large number of elderly people who need long-term care for their daily lives. More and more families have found that Once an elderly person is bedridden at home and needs long-term care, or a family with Alzheimer's disease in need of long-term care, the financial burden suddenly becomes heavier and often suffers from Spring Festival. Long holidays and other traditional holidays without nannies and nannies often lack the quality of professional nursing knowledge, skills and many other troubles, as the aging of the country becomes more and more serious. In the next decade, these problems will plague more and more Chinese-style 4-2-1 families. Family is the cell of society, a large number of family instability, will lead to social instability, the country needs from the macro level to the "old-age care" problem to come up with a practical solution. Love for children is human nature, care for the elderly is the embodiment of social progress. Based on the study of the pension system of the countries such as Europe, America and Japan, which entered the aging society earlier, and in combination with the current social and economic situation and the trend of aging in China, this paper foresight puts forward the compulsory establishment of the old-age care insurance system by the state. Through individual participation in insurance, central and local financial subsidies, an old-age care insurance fund was set up to be used specifically for the care expenditure of the mentally retarded and disabled elderly, and a strict classification and grading system was established to give each insured person a corresponding subsidy. To solve the problem that families bear excessive financial burden independently; At the same time, we should encourage the socialization and marketization of old-age care work, establish a professional institutional rating system and a nursing ability assessment system, standardize the old-age nursing industry, and make the aged and disabled people lose their wisdom, regardless of their family circumstances. Can enjoy universal basic old-age care security, the real embodiment of the superiority of the socialist system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.67

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