本文選題：全面二孩政策 + 上海　； 參考：《東華大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生育是人類繁衍生息和勞動力再生產的過程。社會不斷進步,人口結構也在不斷變化,而生育政策也隨之變革。生育保險制度是國家在立法的基礎上,為由于懷孕和分娩而造成勞動暫時中斷的婦女提供產假、醫(yī)療服務以及生育津貼的社會保險制度。它與每個時期的國家生育政策有緊密的聯(lián)系。去年年初國家頒布了全面二孩的生育新政,但是它的落實卻是困難重重。由于現(xiàn)行的生育保險制度制定于計劃生育時期,且在多年的制度運行中暴露了許多問題。所以當前的生育保險制度已經遠遠不能滿足全面二孩政策落實的需要。我國生育保險制度和生育政策不配套的情況不僅使得全面二孩政策的落實成為紙上談兵。同時全面二孩政策的實施又使現(xiàn)有生育保險制度中存在的問題更加凸顯。生育保險制度改革是解決這一矛盾的有效手段,也是時代的要求。全面二孩政策如同一把雙刃劍,給現(xiàn)行生育保險制度帶來了挑戰(zhàn)的同時也促使了改革的契機。本文主要從公共政策分析的視角,結合2016年兩會時印發(fā)的《國民經濟和社會發(fā)展第十三個五年規(guī)劃綱要》中健全醫(yī)保體系的總綱領,通過對現(xiàn)有上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度中存在問題的分析,借鑒國內外生育保險經驗,提出在全面二孩背景下上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度改革的思路。通過將上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險納入上海城鎮(zhèn)醫(yī)療保險的手段為主,將商業(yè)保險引入生育保險的手段為輔的多渠道改革措施,對全面二孩政策的實施起到積極的促進作用。文章一共分為七個章節(jié)。第一章主要介紹了選題的背景,研究的方法以及創(chuàng)新點。第二章以分析生育政策和生育保險制度的理論基礎為切入點,梳理了生育保險制度和生育政策的關系。第三章從我國生育政策的變革出發(fā),闡述了全面二孩政策的意義、實施效果以及原因分析。第四章具體分析了上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度的現(xiàn)狀、存在的主要問題以及全面二孩政策的落實對其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。第五章是其他城市以及國外生育制度的經驗借鑒,為后一章節(jié)上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度改革提供思路。第六章提出上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度改革的具體思路和建議。第七章是本文的結論,即在當前全面二孩的新政策背景下,需要對上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險制度實施改革。希望通過上海城鎮(zhèn)生育保險納入上海城鎮(zhèn)醫(yī)療保險的手段為主,將商業(yè)保險引入生育保險的手段為輔的多渠道改革措施,對促進全面二孩政策的落實帶來積極的影響。
[Abstract]:Fertility is the process of human reproduction and labor reproduction. Society continues to progress, the demographic structure is also constantly changing, and fertility policy is also changing. Maternity insurance system is a social insurance system that provides maternity leave, medical services and maternity allowance for women whose labor is temporarily interrupted by pregnancy and childbirth on the basis of legislation. It is closely linked to national fertility policy at every stage. Early last year, the country promulgated a new comprehensive two-child birth policy, but it is difficult to implement. Because the current birth insurance system was established in the family planning period, and exposed many problems in the operation of the system for many years. So the current birth insurance system has been far from meeting the needs of the implementation of the two-child policy. The lack of matching birth insurance system and birth policy not only makes the implementation of the two-child policy on paper. At the same time, the implementation of the two-child policy makes the existing birth insurance system more prominent. The reform of birth insurance system is an effective means to solve this contradiction, and it is also the requirement of the times. The two-child policy, like a double-edged sword, not only challenges the current birth insurance system, but also promotes the opportunity of reform. This paper, from the perspective of public policy analysis, combines the outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which was issued by the two sessions in 2016, to improve the health care system. Based on the analysis of the existing problems in Shanghai's urban maternity insurance system and the experience of birth insurance at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the idea of reforming Shanghai's urban maternity insurance system under the background of comprehensive second-child. By means of bringing Shanghai urban maternity insurance into Shanghai urban medical insurance, and commercial insurance into birth insurance as supplementary means, the reform measures of multi-channel play a positive role in promoting the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy. The article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the background, research methods and innovation. The second chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of birth policy and birth insurance system, combing the relationship between birth insurance system and birth policy. The third chapter expounds the significance, the effect and the reason of the two-child policy from the reform of our country's fertility policy. The fourth chapter analyzes the status quo of Shanghai's urban maternity insurance system, the main problems and the challenges brought by the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy. The fifth chapter is the experience of other cities and foreign fertility system, which provides ideas for the reform of Shanghai urban birth insurance system. The sixth chapter puts forward the specific ideas and suggestions of the reform of Shanghai urban birth insurance system. The seventh chapter is the conclusion of this paper, that is, under the background of the new policy of comprehensive two-child, it is necessary to carry out the reform of the urban maternity insurance system in Shanghai. It is hoped that the multi-channel reform measures of introducing commercial insurance into the means of birth insurance through the means of bringing the urban birth insurance into the Shanghai urban medical insurance will have a positive impact on the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F842.617

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