本文選題：科技風險 + 科技保險��； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：科技風險是指在科技研究和開發(fā)過程中，因為不確定的外部環(huán)境、項目本身的復雜程度的不可測以及研究開發(fā)團隊能力的局限性，從而可能引起科技研究開發(fā)項目失敗、暫停、取消、延誤或未能實現預期目標的風險。存在于科研技術開發(fā)、技術成果交易產品批量生產以及市場推廣應用四個階段。 為了規(guī)避高新技術企業(yè)在技術創(chuàng)新活動中產生的科技風險帶來的損失，科技保險應運而生。本文中從兩個角度給出國內學者對其內涵的分析，進而引出筆者觀點，，即科技保險是利用保險對高新技術企業(yè)在研制、量產、銷售、售后等過程中，由于遭遇科技風險指定保險公司對損失進行賠償，從而最大限度降低度高新技術企業(yè)損失程度的一類保險，具備分散風險和補償損失的基本功能以及積蓄基金和監(jiān)督風險的派生功能。 本文依據保監(jiān)會與科技部先后兩次頒布的15項險種特征將其分為高新技術企業(yè)研發(fā)成果類、高新技術企業(yè)經營環(huán)境類、高新技術企業(yè)員工保障類和高新技術企業(yè)社會責任類四種業(yè)務類型，進而深入探索科技保險運行原則、運行模式以及運行機制。 科技保險運行中高新技術企業(yè)、保險公司、政府部門三大主體始終占據主導地位，而第三方機構的介入行為也發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。從供需兩方面分析，高新技術企業(yè)與保險公司互相制約影響；從保障方面分析，政府部門始終發(fā)揮著后臺支撐的力量。 基于現有數據，本文利用DEA模型對首批科技保險試點城市實施效果進行簡要測算。對于實施效果評價指標的選擇，實施的結果主要體現為首批試點城市(區(qū))科技保險投保企業(yè)數、科技保險投保金額、企業(yè)參與科技保險繳納保費總額；實施的行為主要表現為首批試點城市(區(qū))政府財政補貼科技保險總額、政府針對某一險種規(guī)定的財政補貼最高比例、科技保險出險理賠數以及出險后賠付金總額。關于績效指標的測量方法，采用結果評定和行為評定。由于試點城市(區(qū))科技保險實施是一個復雜的過程，能夠收集的數據信息非常有限，因此可以將其看作灰色系統(tǒng)，運用DEA模型對其實施效果進行分析。DEA測算結果表明北京、武漢、重慶、蘇州高新區(qū)的科技保險實施績效相對較好，天津和深圳的科技保險實施績效相對較差。 科技保險本身在我國剛剛處在起步階段，其自身所獨有的技術復雜性以及高風險性對其發(fā)展進程產生一系列阻礙。首批科技保險試點城市在實施過程中難免因為經驗不足或者各方面原因抑制其需求與供給情況。具體表現為對科技保險的認識存在不足；高新技術企業(yè)對保險的有效需求不足；保險公司對科技保險的供給不足以及政府對科技保險扶持力度有待提高。 針對首批科技保險試點城市在實施過程中存在的問題，我國在進一步推廣科技保險進程中可以采取以下政策建議：首先從認識層面著手，加大科技保險研究力度；其次打破高新技術企業(yè)偏見，擴大科技保險有效需求；再次，保險公司要提高自身承保理賠能力，完善科技保險模式；最后，政府要加大對科技保險的扶持力度。
[Abstract]:Science and technology risk refers to the limitation of the ability of research and development team in the process of scientific research and development because of uncertain external environment , the complexity of the project itself , and the limitation of research and development team ability , which may cause the failure , suspension , cancellation , delay or failure of scientific research and development project to achieve the expected goal .

In order to avoid the loss of scientific and technological risks brought about by high - tech enterprises in technological innovation activities , scientific and technological insurance is born . In this paper , the author points out that scientific and technological insurance is a kind of insurance against losses of high - tech enterprises in the process of developing , producing , selling , after - sale and so on .

According to the 15 kinds of dangerous characteristics promulgated by the CIRC and the Ministry of Science and Technology , it is divided into four kinds of business types , such as R & D achievements of high - tech enterprises , operating environment of high - tech enterprises , employees of high - tech enterprises and social responsibility of high - tech enterprises , so as to probe into the principle , mode of operation and operation mechanism of scientific and technological insurance .

In the operation of science and technology insurance , the three main bodies of high - tech enterprises , insurance companies and government departments always occupy the leading position , and the intervention behavior of third - party institutions plays an important role . From the two aspects of supply and demand analysis , the high - tech enterprises and insurance companies restrict each other ;
From the aspect of security analysis , the government has always played the role of background support .

Based on the existing data , this paper makes a brief calculation of the implementation effect of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities using DEA model . The results of implementation are mainly embodied in the first batch of pilot cities ( districts ) , the number of insured enterprises , the insured amount of science and technology insurance , and the total amount of insurance premiums paid by enterprises in scientific and technological insurance ;
The result shows that the performance of science and technology insurance in Beijing , Wuhan , Chongqing and Suzhou is relatively good , and the performance of science and technology insurance in Tianjin and Shenzhen is relatively poor .

Science and technology insurance itself is in the initial stage of our country , its own unique technical complexity and high risk has a series of obstacles to its development process . First batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities can ' t avoid the demand and supply of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities because of lack of experience or various reasons .
The effective demand of high - tech enterprises for insurance is insufficient ;
The insurance company ' s inadequate supply of science and technology insurance and the government ' s support for science and technology insurance needs to be improved .

Aiming at the problems existing in the implementation process of the first batch of science and technology insurance pilot cities , the following policy suggestions can be adopted in further promoting the process of science and technology insurance : firstly , starting from the cognitive level , increasing the research strength of science and technology insurance ;
Secondly , break the bias of high - tech enterprises and expand the effective demand of science and technology insurance ;
Thirdly , insurance companies should improve their ability to cover their claims and improve the mode of science and technology insurance ;
Finally , the government should increase its support for science and technology insurance .
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.6

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