本文選題：政府 + 補貼��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國人口眾多,人民的吃飯問題關(guān)系著國家的穩(wěn)定和長治久安。由于商業(yè)性農(nóng)業(yè)保險的市場失靈,如果政府能制定出一個符合我國國情的制度,且有力地推進實施,將會對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)起到極大的穩(wěn)定和推動作用。本文從福利經(jīng)濟學(xué)角度出發(fā),探討政府補貼農(nóng)業(yè)保險的方式方法和福利效應(yīng),為我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險的開展提供依據(jù)和參考。 (1)農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)業(yè)保險作為WTO允許的補貼方式,對穩(wěn)定和促進農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)具有重要作用。農(nóng)戶購買農(nóng)業(yè)保險,受益的不只是農(nóng)戶,還包括農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的消費者。因此,農(nóng)業(yè)保險具有正外部性；農(nóng)業(yè)保險不同于私人產(chǎn)品,比較接近公共產(chǎn)品,具有弱排他性和弱競爭性,應(yīng)屬于準公共產(chǎn)品；農(nóng)業(yè)保險費率高,賠付率也高,在沒有補貼時難以開展,具有弱質(zhì)性；農(nóng)業(yè)保險面臨的災(zāi)害具有復(fù)雜性,且很多災(zāi)害會造成嚴重損失。因此,農(nóng)業(yè)保險具有高風險性。綜合來看,政府必須對農(nóng)業(yè)保險采取不同于商業(yè)保險的監(jiān)管方式,推動農(nóng)業(yè)保險業(yè)務(wù)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 (2)在農(nóng)戶的投保行為中,全體社會成員和消費者的福利必然增加,其中消費者受益最大,而農(nóng)戶自身的福利不一定增加。當政府的補貼力度一定時,補貼僅發(fā)放給農(nóng)戶時,農(nóng)業(yè)保險的成交價格最高；僅發(fā)放給保險公司時,成交價格最低；按一定比例發(fā)放給農(nóng)戶和保險公司時,成交價介于兩者之間。政府在補貼投保農(nóng)戶和保險公司時,要進行綜合考慮,拿捏好補貼尺度。補貼行為的福利并不能全部轉(zhuǎn)化為農(nóng)戶和消費者的福利,還會有一部分無謂損失。政府補貼農(nóng)業(yè)保險的過程中,對農(nóng)戶、保險公司和政府自身都會有一定的積極作用和消極作用,政府應(yīng)制定相關(guān)法規(guī),并加強監(jiān)管,確保補貼行為有序進行。 (3)我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險經(jīng)歷了曲折而艱辛的發(fā)展歷程,近年來逐漸走向成熟。我們應(yīng)重視農(nóng)業(yè)保險對農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定和社會穩(wěn)定的作用,將農(nóng)業(yè)保險作為一種城鄉(xiāng)收入分配的手段。政府還應(yīng)注重或加強以下幾方面：一是政府補貼的力度。在欠發(fā)達地區(qū),由于補貼力度不夠,農(nóng)業(yè)保險覆蓋率較低；全國范圍來看,補貼方式和補貼項目也要隨社會發(fā)展逐步擴展和調(diào)整。二是法律規(guī)范。我國剛剛頒布《農(nóng)業(yè)保險條例》,農(nóng)業(yè)保險的開展過程中必然還會遇到一些問題。三是大災(zāi)巨災(zāi)風險分擔體系的建立。我們要借鑒國外經(jīng)驗,建立符合我國特色的風險分擔機制,建立巨災(zāi)準備金、互保機制和再保險機制等,讓農(nóng)業(yè)保險在災(zāi)后重建中發(fā)揮更大的作用。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large population and the problem of eating the people is related to the stability and long-term stability of the country. Because of the market failure of commercial agricultural insurance, if the government can formulate a system that meets the national conditions of our country and vigorously promote its implementation, it will greatly stabilize and promote the agricultural production. This article from the angle of welfare economics. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways and welfare effects of government subsidized agricultural insurance, and to provide evidence and reference for the development of agricultural insurance in China.
(1) agriculture is the basis of the national economy. Agricultural insurance, as a subsidy mode allowed by WTO, plays an important role in stabilizing and promoting agricultural production. Farmers buy agricultural insurance, which benefit not only farmers but also consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, agricultural insurance is positive externality; agricultural insurance is different from private products and is close to public. Products, with weak exclusiveness and weak competitiveness, should belong to quasi public products; agricultural insurance rates are high, and the rate of compensation is high. It is difficult to carry out in the absence of subsidies and is weak. The disasters facing agricultural insurance are complex and many disasters will cause serious losses. Therefore, agricultural insurance has high risk. In a comprehensive view, the government must We should adopt a different way of supervising agricultural insurance from commercial insurance so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of agricultural insurance business.
(2) the welfare of all the members and consumers of the whole society will increase inevitably, among which the benefit of the consumers is the most, and the welfare of the farmers does not increase. When the subsidy is given to the farmers, the transaction price of the agricultural insurance is the highest; the transaction price is the lowest when the insurance company is given only to the insurance company. When it is issued to farmers and insurance companies in a certain proportion, the transaction price is between the two. When the government is subsidizing the farmers and insurance companies, the government should take a comprehensive consideration and take a good subsidy scale. The welfare of the subsidies can not be completely converted to the welfare of the farmers and consumers, and there will be some unnecessary losses. The government subsidized agricultural insurance. In the process, there will be positive and negative effects on farmers, insurance companies and the government themselves. The government should formulate relevant regulations and strengthen supervision so as to ensure the orderly conduct of the subsidies.
(3) China's agricultural insurance has experienced a tortuous and arduous course of development and gradually matured in recent years. We should pay attention to the effect of agricultural insurance on agricultural stability and social stability, and take agricultural insurance as a means of income distribution in urban and rural areas. The government should pay attention to or strengthen the following aspects: first, the strength of government subsidies. In the area, the coverage rate of agricultural insurance is low due to insufficient subsidies and low coverage of agricultural insurance; for the whole country, subsidies and subsidies should be gradually expanded and adjusted with the development of the society. Two is the legal norm. China has just promulgated the agricultural insurance regulations, and there will be some problems in the process of agricultural insurance. Three is the risk of catastrophe and catastrophe. We should draw lessons from foreign experience, establish a risk sharing mechanism that conforms to our own characteristics, establish catastrophe reserve, mutual insurance mechanism and reinsurance mechanism, so that agricultural insurance will play a greater role in post disaster reconstruction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.66

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