發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 05:11

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是典型的農(nóng)業(yè)大國,我國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營活動(dòng)具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,當(dāng)今許多國家都通過建立農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制來保障農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,幫助農(nóng)民管理和規(guī)避潛在的各類經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。世界銀行將農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的管理策略分為正規(guī)與非正規(guī)兩種機(jī)制,微觀、中觀和宏觀三個(gè)層次。作為農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理策略中最為重要的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)其最基本的功能是分散農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營過程中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償?shù)氖侄巍?我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)具有真正意義的開始始于新中國成立后。幾十年的發(fā)展歷程伴隨著有波動(dòng),既有開辦之初的快速發(fā)展,也有一段時(shí)期內(nèi)商業(yè)化經(jīng)營的萎靡滑坡。我國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著復(fù)雜的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響,但我國作為最關(guān)鍵的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理策略的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)卻對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)不足,甚至與目前保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的整體發(fā)展節(jié)奏不相符,我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)仍處于一個(gè)有待發(fā)展的階段。農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營過程中的許多現(xiàn)實(shí)性問題卻困擾了我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展,使得農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)相對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展存在一定的滯后性。 當(dāng)前,我國直接經(jīng)營農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)包括有綜合性保險(xiǎn)公司、專業(yè)性保險(xiǎn)公司、專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和外資公司等不同的類型。其中綜合性保險(xiǎn)公司和專業(yè)性保險(xiǎn)公司是當(dāng)前我國規(guī)模和影響都較大的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)。各種類型的經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)在農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)營過程中各有優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足。 發(fā)達(dá)國家的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了一個(gè)較高的水平和規(guī)模。從規(guī)模和發(fā)展水平上來看,美國、加拿大、法國、日本等國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)模式發(fā)展最為完善。我國目前處于發(fā)展中國家階段,通過研究國外發(fā)達(dá)國家的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展模式,通過吸收成功的成果,再結(jié)合我國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的實(shí)際,對(duì)促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展同樣具有重大的意義。 綜合以上分析,本文認(rèn)為我國當(dāng)前的幾種農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營模式各有利弊。我國應(yīng)該在堅(jiān)持發(fā)展政府主導(dǎo)下的多樣化農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營的同時(shí),加快完善商業(yè)化經(jīng)營模式的發(fā)展,提高農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)營水平。當(dāng)前應(yīng)發(fā)展政府主導(dǎo)下的多樣化農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營模式。我國國情復(fù)雜,各地的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不一,農(nóng)業(yè)占比也不一,從目前現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營模式來看,實(shí)行單一的模式并不適合我國的實(shí)際。因此,應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展政府主導(dǎo)下的多樣化農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營模式。未來的長遠(yuǎn)階段,我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營模式可能可以向更為統(tǒng)一的模式過渡,即過渡為兼顧專業(yè)化的新型綜合性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)公司,同時(shí),應(yīng)通過發(fā)展地方基層的農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)合作社來作為這一綜合性的商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)公司的重要補(bǔ)充。
[Abstract]:China is a typical agricultural country, the risk of the agricultural economy of our country are faced with the natural risk, market risk, technical risk and social risk. Agricultural production and business activities with the risk of many countries through the establishment of agricultural insurance mechanism to guarantee the steady development of agricultural production and management, to help farmers avoid various economic risks potential. World Bank agricultural risk management strategy is divided into two kinds of formal and informal mechanisms, micro, meso and macro three levels. As the most important agricultural insurance is the most basic function is to spread the risk of agricultural production and management in the process of agricultural risk management strategy, and as a kind of economic the means of compensation.
Start with the real meaning of agricultural insurance in China started in the new China was established after decades of development. With the rapid development of fluctuations, has opened at the beginning, there is a period of commercial operation sluggish landslide. The agricultural economy of our country is facing the agricultural risk. The complex sound, but China as the agricultural risk management strategy is the key of the agricultural insurance is the economic development of agriculture with insufficient, even with the insurance industry at present the overall pace of development does not match, China's agricultural insurance market is still in a developing stage. Many realistic problems in the process of agricultural insurance business has plagued the development of agricultural insurance in China the agricultural insurance, makes relative agricultural economic development has a certain lag.
At present, China's agricultural insurance direct operating mechanism comprises a comprehensive insurance company, professional insurance companies, professional associations and foreign companies of different types. The comprehensive insurance company and professional insurance company is China's current scale and have a great influence on agricultural insurance institutions. Institutions of various types in the business process agricultural insurance each have advantages and disadvantages.
The agricultural insurance in developed countries has reached a high level and scale. From the scale and level of development, the United States, Canada, France, Japan and other countries the development of agricultural insurance model is the most perfect. At present our country is in the stage of developing countries, developed countries in the development of agricultural insurance mode by studying abroad, through absorption successful results, combined with the actual environment of the agricultural economy of our country, is of great significance to promote the economic development of China.
Based on the above analysis, this paper argues that our current several management patterns of agriculture insurance have advantages and disadvantages. Our country should adhere to the development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business at the same time, accelerate the improvement of the development of commercial operation mode, improve the agricultural insurance organization management level. The development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business model should the current situation of our country. The complex, the local economic development level, agricultural proportion is not, from the current management patterns of agriculture insurance in the current view, the implementation of a single model is not suitable for the actual conditions of our country. Therefore, we should encourage the development of the government under the leadership of the diversification of agricultural insurance business model. The long-term future stage. Management patterns of agricultural insurance in China may be able to more unified mode transition, the transition is taking into account the professional model of comprehensive agricultural insurance company, at the same time, through the The development of agricultural insurance cooperatives at the local level as an important supplement to this comprehensive Business insurance company.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F842.66

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