本文關(guān)鍵詞： 環(huán)境污染 環(huán)境污染責任保險 實施方式 發(fā)展模式　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)化、城市化的發(fā)展帶來了經(jīng)濟的高速增長,人類生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,人類生活水平也不斷提高,但隨之而來的環(huán)境污染卻成為了威脅人類生存和發(fā)展的嚴峻問題。從環(huán)境侵權(quán)角度出發(fā),環(huán)境污染會給第三者造成一系列直接或間接的損害,這種損害所對應(yīng)的民事賠償責任理應(yīng)由造成污染事故的企業(yè)來承擔。然而現(xiàn)實中污染企業(yè)常常不愿或無力承擔污染事故造成的大額賠償費用,以致自身破產(chǎn)、受害者無法獲得補償、政府財政負擔加重等。為了解決這一問題,環(huán)境污染責任保險便出現(xiàn)在人們的視野中且倍受關(guān)注。 在國外,環(huán)境污染責任保險的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了起步、停滯和發(fā)展三個階段,如今已漸臻佳境,積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗。而在我國,環(huán)境污染責任保險還在不斷地嘗試和探索,其具體的發(fā)展模式也一直是爭論的熱點。為此,本文對我國環(huán)境污染責任保險的發(fā)展模式作出相關(guān)探討,旨在促進環(huán)境污染責任保險在我國的發(fā)展。 本文的研究思路是：總結(jié)歸納前人的研究成果,對比國外經(jīng)驗,并結(jié)合當前我國試點開辦的實際情況,提出發(fā)展我國環(huán)境污染責任保險的建議。 本文的開始部分是導(dǎo)論,對本文的研究目的和意義、研究文獻綜述、研究的工具和方法、研究的結(jié)構(gòu)安排等作了簡要說明和介紹。 第一章為我國發(fā)展環(huán)境污染責任保險的迫切性和可行性。首先從北京霧霾的案例引出對環(huán)境、環(huán)境污染、環(huán)境污染責任保險概念的簡單介紹。目前,環(huán)境污染所帶來的損失與能提供的損失補貼是不成比例的,相對傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境侵權(quán)救濟,環(huán)境污染責任保險具有相對優(yōu)勢,因此開辦環(huán)境污染責任保險是我國國情的迫切需求。最后通過市場的供需比較和理論實踐基礎(chǔ)的闡述,說明環(huán)境污染責任保險在我國開辦的可行性。 第二章為我國環(huán)境污染責任保險試點發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀及問題研究。首先對我國環(huán)境污染責任保險從整體發(fā)展歷史到地方試點的具體情況進行了介紹,并針對其發(fā)展緩慢的現(xiàn)象分析了問題存在的根源。研究認為：目前我國現(xiàn)有法律缺乏對環(huán)境污染責任保險的制度支持,缺乏專項立法；實施方式不合理,無法調(diào)動企業(yè)參保的積極性；保險公司承保能力不足,導(dǎo)致費率水平和責任范圍受限；經(jīng)營的技術(shù)能力有限使風(fēng)險評估和損失認定機制始終無法達到一個合理的標準。 第三章為國外環(huán)境污染責任保險制度的經(jīng)驗及啟示研究。該部分將個別國家的環(huán)境污染責任保險制度按實施方式、承保機構(gòu)、保險責任和索賠時效進行分類介紹,總結(jié)出國外環(huán)境污染責任保險發(fā)展的規(guī)律,即由自愿實施逐漸到強制實施；由非特殊機構(gòu)承保逐漸到專門性機構(gòu)承保；由承保突發(fā)性環(huán)境污染事故逐漸到承保漸進性環(huán)境污染事故,從中獲得對我國的啟示。 第四章為推進我國環(huán)境污染責任保險發(fā)展的對策建議。針對我國環(huán)境污染責任保險發(fā)展中存在的問題,借鑒國外經(jīng)驗,提出了在社會環(huán)境建設(shè)方面應(yīng)加強環(huán)境專項立法、財政補貼政策和相關(guān)配套政策的支持,在實施方式上選擇全覆蓋的強制實施方式,在承保模式上推進以非特殊機構(gòu)及聯(lián)保集團共同承保的改造,在責任范圍的適用上拓展責任范圍,并注重增強經(jīng)營能力,以此勾勒出我國環(huán)境污染責任保險發(fā)展模式的大體框架。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于立足我國現(xiàn)狀,明確針對環(huán)境污染責任保險的社會環(huán)境、實施方式、承保機構(gòu)、責任范圍和經(jīng)營能力五方面提出了創(chuàng)新性觀點。筆者對提出的建議進行了理論和邏輯上的論述,并結(jié)合了試點的實際情況進行佐證,力求現(xiàn)實分析和理論研究相結(jié)合,使得出的結(jié)論更加合理和具有說服力。 本文的不足之處是缺少足夠的數(shù)據(jù)信息影響了研究的深度。其一是沒有取得國外環(huán)境污染責任保險的經(jīng)營數(shù)據(jù),所以未能有力證明環(huán)境污染責任保險開辦的初衷是否實現(xiàn),無法衡量環(huán)境污染責任保險對促進第三者賠償責任的履行發(fā)揮了多大的作用；其二是所獲取的我國保險公司經(jīng)營情況的數(shù)據(jù)信息過少,分析難免以偏概全。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem , environmental pollution is often unwilling or unable to bear the large amount of compensation fees caused by pollution accidents , so as to solve the problem , environmental pollution liability insurance appears in people ' s field of view and is concerned . In foreign countries , the development of environmental pollution liability insurance has gone through the three stages of starting , stagnation and development , and has accumulated rich experience . In China , the environmental pollution liability insurance has been continuously tried and explored , and its specific development mode has been the hot point of the debate . To this end , the paper discusses the development mode of environmental pollution liability insurance in China , and aims to promote the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . The main idea of this paper is to summarize the former ' s research results and compare the experiences of foreign countries , and put forward some suggestions for the development of our country ' s environmental pollution liability insurance in combination with the actual situation of our country ' s pilot run . The starting part of this paper is introduction , the purpose and significance of the study , the literature review , the tools and methods of the research , the structure arrangement of the study and so on . The first chapter introduces the urgency and feasibility of developing environmental pollution liability insurance in China . Firstly , the paper introduces the concept of environmental pollution , environmental pollution and environmental pollution liability insurance from the case of Beijing fog haze . The second chapter introduces the present situation and problems of the pilot development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . First , it introduces the situation of environmental pollution liability insurance from the whole development history to the local pilot , and analyzes the root causes of the problems . The third chapter introduces the experience and inspiration of the overseas environmental pollution liability insurance system . This part classifies the environmental pollution liability insurance system of the individual countries according to the way of implementation , the coverage institution , the insurance liability and the limitation of the claim , summarizes the law of the development of the foreign environmental pollution liability insurance , which is gradually from voluntary implementation to compulsory implementation ; In order to solve the problems existing in the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China , the fourth chapter puts forward the support of strengthening environmental special legislation , fiscal subsidy policy and relevant supporting policy in the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . In the implementation mode , it puts forward the general framework of the development mode of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . The innovation of this paper is based on the present situation of our country , and puts forward an innovative viewpoint on the social environment , the implementation mode , the coverage institution , the responsibility scope and the management ability of the environmental pollution liability insurance . The deficiency of this paper is that the lack of sufficient data information affects the depth of the research . One is not to obtain the operation data of the foreign environmental pollution liability insurance , so it fails to prove whether the original intention of the environmental pollution liability insurance is realized or not , and it is impossible to measure the effect of environmental pollution liability insurance on the fulfillment of the third party ' s liability for compensation .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.69

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