本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生育保險制度 碎片化 公平性 整合　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生育保險作為保障生育婦女基本權(quán)益、體現(xiàn)生育行為社會價值的社會保險,和養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等社會保險一樣越來越受到從人民代表大會、各級行政管理部門到參保人員、受眾群體的重視與關(guān)注。 新中國成立以來,我國的生育保險制度得到了長足發(fā)展,但目前與養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等社會保險一樣碎片化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,生育婦女對生育保險平等性呼聲愈來愈高。十八大報告第七部分指出“統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會保障體系建設(shè)”將城鄉(xiāng)社保一體化提到了一個新的高度,明確提出“整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險和基本醫(yī)療保險制度”。我國的生育保險制度是社會保險五種險種之一,從2012年11月人保部發(fā)出了《生育保險辦法(征求意見稿)》,可以看出國家對生育保險這一險種的重視,對這一險種的整合進(jìn)行研究就顯得極為重要。與國外一些國家相比較,我國有幾個特點(diǎn)：①我國人口基數(shù)大,生育婦女人數(shù)相對較高；②我國執(zhí)行計劃生育政策,在生育保險基金支出方面的控制力較強(qiáng)；③我國執(zhí)行戶籍制度,二元社會結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致大部分碎片化現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。因此我國必須尋求一種適應(yīng)于自身發(fā)展的對策措施。 在生育保險制度方面,上海較全國其他地區(qū)起步晚,從2001年上海市城鎮(zhèn)生育保險辦法頒布以來,先后進(jìn)行過4次修改,著力于擴(kuò)大覆蓋范圍、提高生育婦女的保險待遇。但是目前上海市生育保險制度也存在著較嚴(yán)重的碎片化現(xiàn)象,生育婦女個人屬于城鎮(zhèn)還是農(nóng)村戶籍、本地還是外來戶籍、正規(guī)就業(yè)還是靈活就業(yè),甚至所在單位、行業(yè)效益不同,都將給她們在享受生育保險待遇方面生產(chǎn)重大影響。因此對上海市生育保險制度進(jìn)行深入的研究和分析,找出存在問題的原因并提出相應(yīng)的對策,促進(jìn)消除生育保險制度碎片化現(xiàn)象、降低當(dāng)下生育婦女的不公平感是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 本文首先介紹生育保險的概念,敘述其在新中國成立之后的發(fā)展,以及國內(nèi)外的理論發(fā)展和專家學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。接著敘述上海市第一次頒布城鎮(zhèn)生育保險辦法至今的發(fā)展歷程,從制度目標(biāo)、制度安排、制度實施幾個方面對政策進(jìn)行分析研究,重點(diǎn)從戶籍因素、就業(yè)因素和制度安排因素等方面對碎片化現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行論證,正視生育保險辦法存在的問題。最后,針對性的提出解決碎片化現(xiàn)象的對策思路,以期能為上海市生育保險辦法更完善、提高受益人群范圍和待遇等問題提供參考意見。
[Abstract]:Birth insurance, as a social insurance that protects the basic rights and interests of women with birth, embodies the social value of reproductive behavior, is increasingly being received from the people's congresses, administrative departments at all levels to insured personnel, along with social insurance such as old-age care, medical care, and so on. The attention and attention of the audience groups. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the birth insurance system of our country has been greatly developed, but at present it is as fragmented as social insurance such as old-age care and medical care. Maternity women are increasingly calling for equality in maternity insurance. In part 7th of the 18 report, it was pointed out that "comprehensively promoting the construction of the urban and rural social security system" has brought the integration of urban and rural social security to a new height. Clearly put forward "integrating the basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance system of urban and rural residents". The birth insurance system of our country is one of the five kinds of social insurance, In November 2012, the Ministry of people's Insurance issued the measures for Maternity Insurance (draft for opinions), which shows that the state attaches great importance to maternity insurance, and it is extremely important to study the integration of this insurance. China has several characteristics: 1. Our population base is large, the number of women bearing children is relatively high. 2. China implements the family planning policy, and has stronger control over the expenditure of the maternity insurance fund. 3. China implements the household registration system. The dualistic social structure leads to the occurrence of most fragmentation, so we must seek a kind of countermeasure to adapt to our own development. In terms of the birth insurance system, Shanghai started later than other regions in the country. Since the promulgation of the Shanghai Municipal measures on Maternity Insurance in 2001, four amendments have been made to expand the coverage. But at present, the fertility insurance system of Shanghai also has a relatively serious fragmentation phenomenon. The individual fertility women belong to urban or rural household registration, local or foreign household registration, formal employment or flexible employment. Even the units in which they work, with different industry benefits, will have a major impact on their production in enjoying maternity insurance treatment. Therefore, the Shanghai maternity insurance system will be deeply studied and analyzed. It is urgent to find out the causes of the problems and put forward the corresponding countermeasures to promote the elimination of the fragmentation of maternity insurance system and to reduce the current sense of unfairness among women bearing children. This paper first introduces the concept of birth insurance, describes its development after the founding of New China, as well as the theoretical development at home and abroad and the views of experts and scholars. From the system goal, the system arrangement, the system implementation several aspects carries on the analysis and the research to the policy, emphatically from the household registration factor, the employment factor and the system arrangement factor and so on aspect carries on the demonstration to the fragmentation phenomenon, Finally, the author puts forward some countermeasures to solve the fragmentation phenomenon in order to provide reference for the improvement of fertility insurance in Shanghai and the improvement of the scope and treatment of the beneficiary population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.617

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