【摘要】：我國(guó)在全面深化改革推動(dòng)下,從“中國(guó)制造”到“中國(guó)智造”的發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)變不僅對(duì)高技能人才的需求數(shù)量與日俱增,還對(duì)高技能人才的技能、素質(zhì)提出更高的要求。高等職業(yè)院校是培養(yǎng)高技能人才的主要途徑之一,肩負(fù)著培養(yǎng)高技能人才的后備人選的重任。因此,本文以廣州市屬高職院校為分析對(duì)象,考察其如何培養(yǎng)高技能人才,并探索合適的培養(yǎng)路徑以期提高高等職業(yè)院校的人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量。本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法對(duì)我國(guó)的相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理與分析,界定高等職業(yè)院校的人才培養(yǎng)定位于高技能人才。高技能人才在培養(yǎng)規(guī)格上具備“高素質(zhì)”要求,但在技能等級(jí)上還是發(fā)展中的高技能人才。運(yùn)用勝任力冰山理論剖析高技能人才的培養(yǎng)既要兼顧基準(zhǔn)性素質(zhì)(知識(shí)、技能)培養(yǎng)又要同時(shí)培養(yǎng)鑒別性素質(zhì)(自我概念、個(gè)性特征與品質(zhì)、動(dòng)機(jī))。完備的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、高超的技能、良好的個(gè)性特征和品質(zhì)、成就目標(biāo)動(dòng)機(jī),這些素質(zhì)是影響個(gè)體成才的主要幾個(gè)內(nèi)在因素,高職院校需要從這幾個(gè)方面加以培養(yǎng)與重視。除此之外,“做中學(xué)”、情境學(xué)習(xí)、個(gè)性化培養(yǎng),因材施教是培養(yǎng)高技能人才的有效方式;學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)訓(xùn)、工作場(chǎng)所實(shí)踐的反復(fù)螺旋式交替是高技能人才形成的過(guò)程。文章從人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、培養(yǎng)過(guò)程、保障體系、考核評(píng)價(jià)四個(gè)維度對(duì)廣州市屬四所高職院校的會(huì)計(jì)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)培養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。其結(jié)論是,廣州市屬四所高職院校在這四個(gè)維度中的培養(yǎng)路徑基本相同,雖在實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生與企業(yè)零距離對(duì)接方面不斷探索取得一定成果,但不可避免的在弱化“教育性”目標(biāo)、忽視鑒別性素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)、“硬項(xiàng)目”和“軟項(xiàng)目”投入不足、輕視個(gè)性化培養(yǎng)方面還存在問(wèn)題。為了提高人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量,針對(duì)市屬高職院校在人才培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中的存在的問(wèn)題,遵循個(gè)體的“生存”—“生長(zhǎng)”—“生成”的發(fā)展路徑,探索了基于勝任力結(jié)構(gòu)的人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)和規(guī)格、合力雙軌能力發(fā)展的培養(yǎng)過(guò)程、建立共享保障體系、建立多元的評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制的培養(yǎng)路徑,以實(shí)現(xiàn)高等職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Under the promotion of comprehensive deepening reform, the development and transformation from "made in China" to "made in China" not only demands more and more highly skilled talents, but also puts forward higher demands on the skills and quality of highly skilled talents. Higher vocational colleges are one of the main ways to train high-skilled talents and shoulder the important task of reserve candidates for training high-skilled talents. Therefore, this article takes the Guangzhou City higher Vocational College as the analysis object, investigates how to train the high skill talented person, and explores the suitable training path in order to improve the talent training quality of the higher vocational college. In this paper, we use the literature analysis method to sort out and analyze the relevant research documents in our country, and define the talent training in higher vocational colleges and universities as the high skilled talents. High-skilled talents have the requirement of "high quality" in training specifications, but they are still developing high-skilled talents in skill level. Applying the theory of competency iceberg to analyze the cultivation of high skilled talents, we should not only take into account the training of basic quality (knowledge, skill), but also cultivate discriminative quality (self-concept, personality characteristics and quality, motivation) at the same time. Complete knowledge structure, excellent skill, good personality characteristic and quality, achievement goal motive, these qualities are the main internal factors which influence the individual to grow up, the higher vocational colleges need to cultivate and pay attention to from these several aspects. In addition, "learning by doing", situational learning, individualized training and teaching according to aptitude are the effective ways to cultivate highly skilled talents, and the process of formation of highly skilled talents is the repeated spiral alternation of learning, practical training and workplace practice. This paper makes a comparative study on the present situation of accounting specialty training in four vocational colleges of Guangzhou city from the four dimensions of personnel training goal, training process, security system and evaluation. The conclusion is that the four vocational colleges of Guangzhou City have the same training path in these four dimensions. Although they have made some achievements in realizing the zero-distance docking between students and enterprises, it is inevitable to weaken the goal of "education". There are still problems in neglecting differentiated quality training, insufficient investment in hard projects and soft projects, and neglect of individualized cultivation. In order to improve the quality of talent training, in view of the problems existing in the process of talent training in the city higher vocational colleges, the development path of individual "survival", "growth" and "generation" should be followed. This paper explores the goal and specification of talent training based on competence structure, the training process of developing the ability of combining forces with two tracks, the establishment of shared security system and the cultivation path of multiple evaluation mechanism, in order to realize the implicit development of higher vocational education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東技術(shù)師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G712

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