發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-26 22:32

【摘要】： 靈活性歸納是對(duì)變化的問(wèn)題或然性推論的適應(yīng)，是對(duì)靈活性和歸納能力的探究。比如，在幼兒的教育中，教師經(jīng)常會(huì)要求兒童根據(jù)不同的規(guī)則進(jìn)行分類。例如，，首先要求兒童依據(jù)物體功能來(lái)分類，然后要求兒童依據(jù)物體顏色來(lái)分類，最后還要求兒童依據(jù)對(duì)物體形狀來(lái)分類。這些活動(dòng)要求兒童能夠?qū)⑼晃矬w依據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)歸納到不同的類別上，這就要求兒童能夠在不同的分類規(guī)則之間進(jìn)行靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。顯而易見，此種能力對(duì)于人類適應(yīng)不斷變化的問(wèn)題是十分重要的。 本研究采用新穎單詞意義的靈活性歸納(Flexible induction of meaning，F(xiàn)IM)的研究方法，力圖揭示幼兒在較復(fù)雜的認(rèn)知任務(wù)中其認(rèn)知靈活性的發(fā)展概況。在新穎單詞意義的靈活性歸納中，所涉及的都是被賦予了新穎單詞的新穎生物，每個(gè)刺激對(duì)于兒童來(lái)說(shuō)都是較復(fù)雜的，以便控制兒童先前經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響，探測(cè)其接觸新穎事物的能力。在這個(gè)任務(wù)中，還包含了幼兒期重要的一個(gè)認(rèn)知因素……語(yǔ)言，幼兒要想獲得成功，就要忽視不斷變化的圖片中其他的具體信息，歸納總結(jié)出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化是解決問(wèn)題的核心。 本論文一共包含了4個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)一以年齡、規(guī)則水平作為自變量，以幼兒靈活轉(zhuǎn)換作為因變量，同時(shí)，操作了語(yǔ)言在此任務(wù)中的作用，結(jié)果顯示了年齡、規(guī)則水平的顯著作用，以及兩者之間顯著的交互作用。語(yǔ)言在幼兒靈活性歸納中也起了重要作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)二根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果而采用了混合規(guī)則的變量，結(jié)果顯示出并不是同一規(guī)則的連續(xù)六次運(yùn)用使得兒童出現(xiàn)了持續(xù)性錯(cuò)誤，而更可能歸因于因?yàn)橐?guī)則水平不同而產(chǎn)生了不同的規(guī)則難度以及規(guī)則順序的效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)三為了探究不同順序是否對(duì)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響，安排了順序、年齡、規(guī)則水平為自變量，結(jié)果顯示出順序、年齡、規(guī)則水平的顯著作用，以及年齡與規(guī)則水平、順序與規(guī)則水平之間的交互作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)四主要是為了控制規(guī)則難度而設(shè)計(jì)的，并且再次證明了規(guī)則難度確實(shí)影響了兒童的操作。 通過(guò)4個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，我們最后得出了這樣的結(jié)論： 1．語(yǔ)言因素的影響 語(yǔ)言在推論新穎單詞意義的靈活性歸納問(wèn)題上有重要的作用。語(yǔ)言能力高的兒童更易于做出靈活性歸納。 2．規(guī)則難度的影響 規(guī)則難度影響了兒童的靈活歸納，特別是針對(duì)較年幼兒童。難度越大，較年幼兒童就越不容易理解。而且，當(dāng)一個(gè)規(guī)則的難度對(duì)于兒童是特別容易理解的以及特別突出的時(shí)候，就更容易使得兒童在這個(gè)規(guī)則上形成優(yōu)勢(shì)反應(yīng)，而難以抑制。 3．順序的影響 不同順序下也會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童有不同的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)順序由較難規(guī)則轉(zhuǎn)換到較易規(guī)則時(shí)比相反情況下會(huì)有更好的成績(jī)。 4．年齡因素的影響 年齡有顯著效應(yīng)。4歲組兒童還沒有掌握此靈活性歸納問(wèn)題，4.5歲組兒童已經(jīng)有了較大的進(jìn)步，5歲組兒童已經(jīng)基本掌握了這個(gè)任務(wù)，4.5~5歲是掌握靈活性歸納問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵期。
[Abstract]:The flexibility induction is the adaptation to the problem of change or the contingency, and is the inquiry into the flexibility and the inductive ability. For example, in early childhood education, teachers often demand that children be classified according to different rules. For example, first, a child is required to classify according to the function of the object, and then the child is required to be classified according to the object color, and finally, the child is required to be classified according to the shape of the object. These activities require children to be able to take the same object on different categories based on different criteria, which requires that children be able to make a flexible transition between different classification rules. It is clear that such a capability is important to the changing problem of human adaptation. In this study, a novel approach to the flexibility of the meaning of the word (FIM) is used to reveal the flexibility of the child in the more complex cognitive tasks. An overview of the development of sex. In a novel sense of the flexibility of the word meaning, all involved are novel creatures that are endowed with novel words, each of which is more complex to the child in order to control the impact of the child's previous experience and to detect its contact with the new one. The ability to act. In this task, it also includes early childhood. A cognitive factor. The language, the child wants to succeed, it is about to ignore the other specific information in the constantly changing picture, and concludes that the change of the predicate verb is the solution The core of the question is that four experiments are included in this paper. The experiment is based on the age and the rule level as the independent variable, and the children's flexible conversion is used as the dependent variable. At the same time, the function of the language in this task is also operated. The results show that has the remarkable effect of the age and the rule level, And a significant interaction between the two. The experiment 2 uses the variable of the mixed rule according to the result of the experiment, and the result shows that it is not the same rule for six consecutive times. with persistent errors in children, and more likely to be attributed to the different levels of the rules In order to explore whether the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level are the independent variables, the results show the effect of the order, the age and the rule level, as well as the age and the rule level, the order, the age and the rule level as the independent variables. The interaction between the order and the rule level. The experimental four are designed to control the difficulty of the rules and again prove the rules. The difficulty does affect the operation of the child. Four experimental results, I'm Finally, the conclusion is drawn:1. The shadow of the language factor The Significance of the Sound of the Sound in the Inference of the New Word on the flexibility of the problem There is an important role. Children with high language skills are more likely to make more flexible induction. 2. The effect of the difficulty of the rules The difficulty of the rules affects the flexible induction of children, especially for younger children. The more difficult it is, the more difficult the younger children are to understand. And, when a rule is difficult, in particular for children, It's easier to understand, and when it's special, it's more. It is easy for children to form an advantage reaction on this rule, and it is difficult to suppress them. 3. Effect of sequence Children have different performance in different orders. When the order is changed by more difficult rules to easier rules, there will be better results in the opposite case.4. The influence age of age factors is significant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：G610

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 李紅,王乃弋;論執(zhí)行功能及其發(fā)展研究[J];心理科學(xué);2004年02期

2 龔銀清,李紅,方美玲;規(guī)則順序與規(guī)則類型對(duì)兒童規(guī)則推理的影響[J];心理科學(xué);2005年06期

3 李紅;王永芝;;幼兒認(rèn)知靈活性的發(fā)展及其與言語(yǔ)能力的關(guān)系[J];心理科學(xué);2006年06期

4 李紅,鄭持軍,高雪梅;推理方向與規(guī)則維度對(duì)兒童因果推理的影響[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2004年05期

5 李富洪,李紅,陳安濤,馮廷勇,高雪梅,張仲明,龍長(zhǎng)權(quán);物體顏色與質(zhì)地相似度對(duì)幼兒歸納推理的影響[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2005年02期

6 龍長(zhǎng)權(quán);吳睿明;李紅;陳安濤;馮廷勇;李富洪;;3.5~5.5歲兒童在知覺相似與概念沖突情形下的歸納推理[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期

7 王乃弋,李紅,高山;評(píng)執(zhí)行功能的問(wèn)題解決理論[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2004年05期

本文編號(hào)：2485685