【摘要】： 影響兒童品德發(fā)展的因素很多。如果按照參與互動的人的年齡來劃分，可分為成人的影響，同齡人的影響。可是由于種種原因，我們歷來比較重視成人(主要是教育)對兒童品德發(fā)展的影響，而對同齡人之間的影響重視得不夠。如果說有的話，也大部分集中在班集體對兒童品德發(fā)展的影響，而很少注意這種自發(fā)形成的同伴群體對他們的影響。其實，和前兩者(成人的教育和班集體)相比，同伴群體對兒童品德發(fā)展的影響具有得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢。特別是現(xiàn)在的兒童，，大部分是獨生子女，在家中缺少與他們交流的兄弟姐妹，再加上單門獨戶的居住環(huán)境，使兒童游戲、交往的場所和機會都明顯地減少了，這種情況竟影響到一些兒童的品德發(fā)展和心理健康。這一切使得同伴群體及其影響的研究顯得更加迫切。 本論文主要采用了文獻法、問卷法和訪談法。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上對同伴群體對兒童品德發(fā)展的影響進行了分析、調(diào)查和探討。 道德認(rèn)知、道德情感和道德行為是人們普遍確認(rèn)的組成品德的基本要素。本論文主要從這三個方面展開來研究同伴群體對兒童品德發(fā)展的積極影響。在道德認(rèn)知方面，兒童與同伴群體的相互作用能促進其觀點采擇(角色承擔(dān))能力的發(fā)展，這為兒童道德認(rèn)知的發(fā)展提供了直接的條件。在道德情感方面，由于同伴群體成員關(guān)系的親密性，一些情境事件所引起的情緒反應(yīng)容易被其同伴所知覺，并易產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的情感體驗，這樣就促進了移情體驗的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展；同時，同伴群體的反應(yīng)會促進兒童某些道德情感的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展。在道德行為方面，友誼和友好是同伴群體內(nèi)行為的主要特征，同伴群 體為兒童將道德認(rèn)知付諸實踐和行動提供了理想的排練場;而且， 與同伴群體的相互作用是發(fā)展兒童自律道德的一條重要途徑。另外， 同伴群體對兒童自我教育的發(fā)展方面也有不可替代的積極影響。當(dāng) 然，同伴群體只是兒童品德發(fā)展的一個必要條件，它對兒童品德發(fā) 展的影響不是無所限制和無所不能的;而且，在一定條件下，還有 不容忽視的消極性。 本論文還分析了同伴群體影響兒童品德發(fā)展的心理機制，有強 化、模仿、和從眾心理等。文章的最后，提出了發(fā)揮同伴群體對兒 童品德發(fā)展的積極影響和遏制其消極影響的教育對策，要求教育工 作者要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，正確對待兒童的同伴交往和同伴群體;耐心了解 班級中同伴群體的脈絡(luò);將同伴群體中的道德情境引導(dǎo)到課堂上來; 開展內(nèi)容豐富、形式多樣、富有教育性的活動以及怎樣防患于未然。
[Abstract]:There are many factors that influence the development of children's moral character. If divided according to the age of the person involved in the interaction, it can be divided into adult influence and peer influence. However, for various reasons, we have always paid more attention to the influence of adults (mainly education) on children's moral development, but not to their peers. If any, most of them focus on the influence of class group on children's moral development, and little attention is paid to the influence of this spontaneous group of peers on them. In fact, compared with the former two (adult education and class group), peer groups have unique advantages on children's moral development. In particular, today's children, most of whom are only children, lack brothers and sisters to communicate with them at home. In addition, the living environment of single-door households has significantly reduced the number of places and opportunities for children to play games, interact with each other. This situation has affected the moral development and mental health of some children. All this makes the study of peer group and its influence more urgent. This paper mainly adopts literature method, questionnaire method and interview method. On the basis of previous studies, the influence of peer groups on children's moral development is analyzed, investigated and discussed. Moral cognition, moral emotion and moral behavior are generally recognized as the basic elements of moral character. This paper mainly studies the positive influence of peer groups on children's moral development from these three aspects. In the aspect of moral cognition, the interaction between children and peer groups can promote the development of their ability to take alternative views (role-taking), which provides a direct condition for the development of children's moral cognition. In terms of moral emotion, due to the closeness of peer group members, the emotional responses caused by some situational events are easily perceived by their peers and easily produce corresponding emotional experiences, thus promoting the emergence and development of empathy experience. At the same time, the reaction of peer group will promote the generation and development of some moral emotions of children. In the aspect of moral behavior, friendship and friendliness are the main characteristics of behavior in peer group. Peer group provides ideal rehearsals for children to put moral cognition into practice and action. Moreover, the interaction with peer groups is an important way to develop children's self-discipline. In addition, peer groups have irreplaceable positive effects on the development of children's self-education. However, peer group is only a necessary condition for the development of children's moral character, and its influence on the development of children's moral character is not unlimited and omnipotent. Moreover, under certain conditions, there are negative polarity that can not be ignored. This paper also analyzes the psychological mechanism of peer groups influencing children's moral development, such as reinforcement, imitation, and conformity psychology. At the end of the paper, the author puts forward the educational countermeasures to exert the positive influence of peer group on the development of children's moral character and to contain the negative influence, which requires the educator to change his idea. Correct treatment of children's peer interaction and peer groups; Understanding the context of peer group in class patiently, guiding the moral situation of peer group into class; Develop rich, diverse, educational activities and how to prevent trouble.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：G611

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