【摘要】：社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域主要包括道德領(lǐng)域、習(xí)俗領(lǐng)域、謹(jǐn)慎領(lǐng)域、個人領(lǐng)域。道德領(lǐng)域是指與公平公正性、他人利益和他人權(quán)力有關(guān)的事件領(lǐng)域。習(xí)俗領(lǐng)域是指與用來確保社會組織、團(tuán)體順利執(zhí)行其職責(zé)和功能有關(guān)的規(guī)則領(lǐng)域。謹(jǐn)慎領(lǐng)域是指那些兒童經(jīng)常遇到的用以調(diào)節(jié)與安全、傷害自己、舒適和健康相聯(lián)系的行為的規(guī)范的領(lǐng)域。個人領(lǐng)域是個體認(rèn)為是在無可非議的社會規(guī)范領(lǐng)域外的且不屬于對或錯而是屬于喜好和選擇考慮的一系列事件。兒童社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展,有助于促進(jìn)兒童對不同領(lǐng)域規(guī)則的理解,做出符合情境的行為,增強(qiáng)其社會適應(yīng)能力,并且促進(jìn)兒童的個性與社會性發(fā)展。近年來,國外學(xué)者對社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了廣泛研究,國內(nèi)的研究相對較少,因此本研究旨在討論兒童在社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展特點(diǎn),本研究的完成理論上可以豐富幼兒教育教學(xué)理論,實(shí)踐上可以為兒童社會化教育包括學(xué)校教育、家庭教育提供一些參考。豐富國內(nèi)幼兒的社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的研究。充實(shí)不同文化背景下的兒童社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域研究。 研究主要采用圖片情境實(shí)驗法和訪談法對11個情境事件,從判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(允許性、嚴(yán)重性、個人選擇接受性、權(quán)威依賴性和普遍性)、決定權(quán)定位和判斷理由歸因方面開展研究。從大連市隨機(jī)抽取120名幼兒進(jìn)行實(shí)驗,有效被試114名,3歲,4歲,5歲各38名,男女比例相當(dāng)。最后對幼兒社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的年齡差異進(jìn)行多重測量或單因素方差分析。 研究結(jié)果表明：(1)3-5歲幼兒在判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上對社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)知發(fā)展年齡差異顯著：隨著年齡的增長,道德領(lǐng)域、習(xí)俗領(lǐng)域和謹(jǐn)慎領(lǐng)域違反的允許性降低；嚴(yán)重程度增加；個人選擇接受性減��；更多的獨(dú)立于權(quán)威做出合理判斷；普遍認(rèn)識逐漸提高,而個人領(lǐng)域相反。個人領(lǐng)域與道德領(lǐng)域、習(xí)俗領(lǐng)域、謹(jǐn)慎領(lǐng)域做出明顯區(qū)分。(2)3-5歲幼兒對社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域決定權(quán)定位年齡差異不顯著：父母在各領(lǐng)域中都具有很高決定權(quán)。兒童在個人領(lǐng)域中有一定的決定權(quán),隨年齡增長發(fā)展迅速。3-4歲是幼兒對個人領(lǐng)域決定權(quán)判斷發(fā)展的高峰期。5歲幼兒,在父母與幼兒共同協(xié)商方面對不同領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出明顯差異。(3)3-5歲幼兒在社會認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域判斷理由歸因上存在年齡差異顯著：3歲幼兒能夠?qū)Σ煌I(lǐng)域規(guī)則違反給出相應(yīng)理由,并隨著年齡的增長對不同領(lǐng)域做出更好區(qū)分。
[Abstract]:The field of social cognition mainly includes the field of morality, the field of custom, the field of prudence and the field of individual. The moral field refers to the field of events related to fairness and fairness, the interests of others and the rights of others. Customary field refers to the field of rules used to ensure that social organizations and groups carry out their duties and functions smoothly. The realm of caution is the one that children often encounter to regulate behavior associated with safety, self-harm, comfort, and health. The personal domain is a series of events which the individual considers to be outside the realm of social norms which is beyond reproach and belongs not to right or wrong but to preferences and choices. The development of children's social cognition helps to promote children's understanding of the rules of different fields, make situational behaviors, enhance their social adaptability, and promote children's personality and social development. In recent years, foreign scholars have carried out extensive research in the field of social cognition, but relatively little research has been done in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the characteristics of children's development in the field of social cognition. The completion of this study can enrich the teaching theory of early childhood education theoretically and provide some references for children's socialized education including school education and family education in practice. Enrich the study of children's social cognition in China. Enrich the study of children's social cognition in different cultural backgrounds. The study mainly uses the method of picture situation experiment and interview to study 11 situational events from the aspects of judgment criterion (permissibility, seriousness, individual choice acceptance, authority dependence and universality), decision orientation and reason attribution. A total of 120 young children were randomly selected from Dalian. 114 effective subjects, aged 3 years, 4 years old and 5 years old, 38 children aged 5 years old, with the same ratio of male and female, were enrolled in the experiment. Finally, multiple measurements or single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out on the age difference of children in social cognition field. The results show that: (1) there are significant differences in the age of cognitive development in the social cognitive field among children aged 3-5 years: with the increase of age, the permissibility of violations in the field of morality, custom and caution decreases; Increased severity; reduced acceptance of personal choice; more rational judgment independent of authority; increased general understanding, whereas the opposite of personal domain. (2) there is no significant difference in the age of the decision of children aged 3-5 years in the social cognition field: parents have a very high decision power in every field. Children have a certain right of decision in the personal field, and develop rapidly with the increase of age. 3-4 years old is the peak period for children to judge the development of personal field decisions. (3) Children aged 3-5 years old have significant difference in reason attribution in social cognitive field: 3-year-old children can understand the rules of different fields. (3) Children aged 3 years old are able to understand the rules of different fields. (3) Children aged 3-5 years old have significant differences in the attribution of reasons for judgment in the field of social cognition. The violation gives a corresponding reason, And as you get older, you can make a better distinction between different areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G610

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