【摘要】：幼兒處在其身心迅速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和智力發(fā)展的敏感期,如果采用科學(xué)合理的教育方法、手段對幼兒進(jìn)行教育,可以更好地促進(jìn)其發(fā)育發(fā)展。長期以來,國內(nèi)外眾多的研究證實(shí),體育運(yùn)動(dòng)對于人的健康良好發(fā)展有重要的作用。各種形式的運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉需要大腦及中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)和控制,同時(shí)這些運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅促進(jìn)了大腦及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的形態(tài)學(xué)改變,同時(shí)也提高了大腦及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的功能發(fā)展完善,運(yùn)動(dòng)和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)互為基礎(chǔ)并且相互促進(jìn)。因此,抓住幼兒神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和智力發(fā)展的敏感期,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和智力的發(fā)展,同樣可以通過體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的途徑來實(shí)現(xiàn)。以往人們從事運(yùn)動(dòng)多以促進(jìn)生長發(fā)育、增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、緩解心理壓力、提供社會(huì)交際的機(jī)會(huì)及培養(yǎng)良好的意志品質(zhì)和高尚的道德情操等為目的,雖然這些運(yùn)動(dòng)都會(huì)在一定程度上促進(jìn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和智力的發(fā)展,但是目的性和針對性不強(qiáng)。在認(rèn)識到運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠促進(jìn)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展以及注意力、反應(yīng)能力、平衡性和協(xié)調(diào)性與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)關(guān)系密切的基礎(chǔ)上,本文探索性地使用與注意力、反應(yīng)能力、平衡性和協(xié)調(diào)性相關(guān)的游戲?qū)τ變哼M(jìn)行干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn),探索這些方法、手段的鍛煉效果以及對智力的影響情況,以期為幼兒運(yùn)動(dòng)教育探索出一種合理有效的途徑。因此,本研究符合我國實(shí)施人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略和重視幼兒教育的時(shí)代背景,具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法進(jìn)行研究,將實(shí)驗(yàn)對象分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組,實(shí)驗(yàn)前兩組在各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)上差異不具顯著性差異,符合實(shí)驗(yàn)要求。對照組按照幼兒園原有教學(xué)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),在此基礎(chǔ)上采用與注意力、反應(yīng)能力、平衡性和協(xié)調(diào)性相關(guān)的游戲?qū)?shí)驗(yàn)組進(jìn)行干預(yù),實(shí)驗(yàn)后對兩組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行組內(nèi)和組間比較。研究結(jié)果表明,相關(guān)方法、手段對于促進(jìn)幼兒反應(yīng)能力的提高有一定的作用;實(shí)驗(yàn)后實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組在注意力、平衡性和協(xié)調(diào)性、智力等方面均有提高,但是組間差異不具顯著性,均可認(rèn)為是自然增長和幼兒教育的影響,可見,相關(guān)方法、手段對于與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)及大腦密切相關(guān)的注意力、平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性和智力的影響不大。針對研究結(jié)果,建議在發(fā)展幼兒反應(yīng)能力時(shí),可以借鑒本研究中的相關(guān)方法、手段;類似研究者可考慮延長干預(yù)時(shí)間,提高鍛煉的量和強(qiáng)度,進(jìn)一步研究相關(guān)方法、手段的鍛煉對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)能力和智力的影響。
[Abstract]:Young children are in the critical period of their rapid physical and mental development and are sensitive to the development of the nervous system and intelligence. If we use scientific and reasonable education methods to educate children, we can better promote their development. For a long time, many studies at home and abroad have confirmed that sports play an important role in the healthy development of people. Various forms of exercise need to be regulated and controlled by the brain and the central nervous system. These exercises not only promote the morphological changes of the brain and nervous system, but also improve the function of the brain and nervous system. The motor and nervous systems are based on each other and promote each other. Therefore, grasping the sensitive period of infant's nervous system and intelligence development and promoting the development of nervous system and intelligence can also be realized by the way of sports. In the past, people were engaged in sports for the purposes of promoting growth and development, strengthening physique, relieving psychological pressure, providing opportunities for social communication and cultivating good will and noble moral sentiment. Although these movements promote the nervous system and intelligence to some extent, they are not purposeful and targeted. Recognizing that exercise promotes the development of the nervous system and that attention, responsiveness, balance and coordination are closely related to the nervous system, this paper explores the use and ability of attention and response, In order to find a reasonable and effective way for children's sports education, the balance and coordination of game intervention experiments were conducted to explore these methods, the effect of exercise and the influence on intelligence. Therefore, this study accords with the era background of implementing the strategy of strengthening the country by talents and attaching importance to preschool education, which has certain practical significance. In this paper, the experimental subjects were divided into experimental group and control group by the methods of literature, experiment and mathematical statistics. Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in each index between the two groups, which met the requirements of the experiment. The control group was studied according to the original teaching plan of kindergarten. On this basis, games related to attention, reaction ability, balance and coordination were used to intervene in the experimental group. After the experiment, the data of the two groups were compared within and between groups. The results show that the relevant methods and methods have certain effect on promoting the children's response ability, and the experimental group and the control group have improved their attention, balance, coordination, intelligence and so on, after the experiment, the experimental group and the control group have improved in the aspects of attention, balance and coordination, intelligence and so on. But the difference between groups is not significant and can be regarded as the impact of natural growth and early childhood education. It can be seen that related methods and means have little effect on attention balance coordination and intelligence which are closely related to the nervous system and brain. In view of the results of the study, it is suggested that the relevant methods and means in this study can be used for reference in the development of young children's response ability; similar researchers may consider extending the intervention time, increasing the quantity and intensity of exercise, and further studying the relevant methods. The effects of physical exercise on the related abilities and intelligence of the nervous system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G613.7

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