【摘要】：自我效能感理論是美國著名的心理學(xué)家班杜拉于上世紀(jì)七十年代中后期提出的。該理論自提出之后,就引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。許多學(xué)者和研究者在深入研究自我效能感的基礎(chǔ)理論之后,將其與自身所處的實踐領(lǐng)域相聯(lián)系,并采取有效手段,嘗試實現(xiàn)自我效能理論與實踐的有效結(jié)合,取得了一定的成果,使得該理論在社會實踐的許多領(lǐng)域里發(fā)揮了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。隨著研究的不斷深入,該理論目前已深入到心理學(xué)和教育學(xué)之外的其他許多領(lǐng)域里,在此背景下,體育學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的自我效能感研究也取得了一定的發(fā)展。近年來,少年兒童參與體育鍛煉的情況不容樂觀。值得注意的是,學(xué)生身體素質(zhì)下降、參與體育活動的積極性不高等問題已經(jīng)引起了社會各界的關(guān)注。小學(xué)生群體是少年兒童群體的主體組成部分,對其參與課外體育活動的現(xiàn)狀進行調(diào)查并運用自我效能感理論進行分析和指導(dǎo)顯得格外重要。本研究采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法和邏輯分析法,以自我效能感的相關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),借助國外成熟的自我效能感量表,直接翻譯并設(shè)計了針對小學(xué)生群體的課外體育自我效能感量表及問卷,并對新的量表進行了信度和效度檢驗。對太原市小學(xué)生進行抽樣調(diào)查后,測量了其課外體育自我效能感,并采用科學(xué)的研究方法對結(jié)果進行分析和評估,為今后繼續(xù)深入研究提高小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感的方法和策略奠定基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)論如下：(1)綜合分析太原市小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感得分情況可知：大部分調(diào)查對象的得分等級為中等,良好和優(yōu)秀等級的人數(shù)不多,不合格得分的人數(shù)較少,總體得分情況為中等。(2)小學(xué)男生和女生在課外體育自我效能感得分方面不存在顯著性差異。處在小學(xué)中年級階段的三、四年級小學(xué)生與處在小學(xué)高年級階段的五年級小學(xué)生在效能得分各方面均存在極其顯著性差異,高年級小學(xué)生的課外體育自我效能感各方面得分均更高。另外,小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感得分與他們對體育的喜好程度之間存在極其顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系；與他們自主選擇的體育運動項目之間不存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。對體育運動的喜好程度越深,自我效能感各方面的得分也越高。(3)家庭體育、社區(qū)體育和校內(nèi)課外體育作為外部因素影響著小學(xué)生的課外體育自我效能感。家庭體育與小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感之間呈非常顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,體育氛圍良好的家庭,小學(xué)生的課外體育自我效能感得分較高；社區(qū)體育與小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感之間呈非常顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,良好的社區(qū)體育氛圍會提高小學(xué)生的課外體育自我效能感；校內(nèi)課外體育與小學(xué)生課外體育自我效能感之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系也非常顯著,適量而積極的校內(nèi)課外體育活動能夠給小學(xué)生帶來較高的課外體育自我效能感。
[Abstract]:The theory of self-efficacy was put forward by Bandura, a famous American psychologist in the late 1970s. Since it was put forward, the theory has aroused widespread concern. After deeply studying the basic theory of self-efficacy, many scholars and researchers associate it with their own practice field, and take effective measures to realize the effective combination of self-efficacy theory and practice. Some achievements have been made, which makes the theory play an important guiding role in many fields of social practice. With the deepening of the research, the theory has been in many fields other than psychology and pedagogy. In this context, the study of self-efficacy in the field of physical education has also made a certain development. In recent years, the situation of children participating in physical exercise is not optimistic. It is worth noting that the decline of students' physical fitness and the low enthusiasm for participating in sports activities have attracted the attention of all walks of life. Primary school students' group is the main part of children's group. It is very important to investigate the present situation of their participation in extracurricular sports activities and to use the theory of self-efficacy to analyze and guide them. This research adopts the literature method, the investigation method, the mathematical statistics method and the logic analysis method, based on the related theory of self-efficacy, with the help of foreign mature self-efficacy scale, This paper directly translated and designed the extracurricular sports self-efficacy scale and questionnaire for primary school students, and tested the reliability and validity of the new scale. After the sampling survey of primary school students in Taiyuan, the sense of self-efficacy of extracurricular sports was measured, and the results were analyzed and evaluated by scientific research methods. It lays a foundation for further research on the methods and strategies of improving the students' sense of self-efficacy in extracurricular sports. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Comprehensive analysis of the score of extracurricular sports self-efficacy of primary school students in Taiyuan shows that most of the subjects' scores are medium, the number of good and excellent grades is not large, and the number of unqualified scores is relatively small. The overall score was medium. (2) there was no significant difference between boys and girls in extracurricular sports self-efficacy. There were significant differences in the scores of efficacy between the third and fourth grade pupils in the middle grade and the fifth grade in the upper grade of the primary school. The scores of extracurricular PE self-efficacy of senior pupils were higher. In addition, there is an extremely significant correlation between the scores of extracurricular sports self-efficacy and their degree of sports preference, and there is no significant correlation between the scores of students' self-selected sports items and their sports preferences. The deeper the degree of preference for sports, the higher the score of self-efficacy. (3) Family sports, community sports and extracurricular physical education in school as external factors affect the self-efficacy of extracurricular sports of primary school students. There is a very significant correlation between family sports and extracurricular sports self-efficacy of pupils. In families with good sports atmosphere, pupils have higher scores of extracurricular sports self-efficacy. There is a very significant correlation between community sports and extracurricular sports self-efficacy of primary school students. A good community sports atmosphere can improve the students' extracurricular sports self-efficacy. The correlation between extracurricular sports and extracurricular sports self-efficacy of pupils is also very significant. Proper and active extracurricular sports activities can bring students a higher sense of extracurricular sports self-efficacy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.8

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本文編號：2303023