【摘要】：研究目的與意義 隨著本土心理學(xué)的開展,越來越多的學(xué)者開始研究在中國(guó)的民族文化特點(diǎn)下,華人的心理健康狀況。臺(tái)灣學(xué)者將焦點(diǎn)放在了中國(guó)人典型的思維方式——中庸思維上,來探究中庸思維對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)人在社會(huì)生活和心理健康上的影響。但大陸在這方面的研究起步較晚,較于臺(tái)灣相對(duì)滯后,不僅實(shí)證研究較少,而且在中庸思維的測(cè)量工具上也是直接沿用臺(tái)灣編制的量表,但并未檢驗(yàn)其在大陸人群的適用性。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程,多元文化不斷地沖擊著中國(guó)人,尤其是中國(guó)的年輕人,探究中庸思維是否仍在人們心理層面起著舉足輕重的作用顯得十分必要。另一方面,情緒是反映心理健康的重要指標(biāo),通過研究中庸思維對(duì)情緒的影響,有助于了解其與心理健康狀況的關(guān)系。因此,在我國(guó)大學(xué)生群體中進(jìn)行中庸思維與情緒問題的關(guān)系研究,有著重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究的目的有以下幾個(gè)方面：1、通過大學(xué)生樣本對(duì)臺(tái)灣的中庸思維量表進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)和修訂；2、通過全國(guó)分層抽樣得到的大學(xué)生樣本進(jìn)行橫斷面調(diào)查,來反映中國(guó)大學(xué)生群體中庸思維的現(xiàn)況與特點(diǎn)；3、結(jié)合情緒的主要指標(biāo),在我國(guó)大學(xué)生中探究中庸思維與情緒問題的關(guān)系。 研究方法 1.研究流程 首先通過一次小組討論和兩次問卷調(diào)查的方式,對(duì)吳佳輝、林以正編制的中庸思維量表進(jìn)行討論和修訂,修訂后的中庸思維量表具有良好的信效度,并應(yīng)用到全國(guó)調(diào)查中。其次,在全國(guó)調(diào)查中,采用隨機(jī)分層抽樣的方法得到全國(guó)大學(xué)生樣本,并進(jìn)行調(diào)查；最后,利用全國(guó)樣本的調(diào)查結(jié)果來了解全國(guó)大學(xué)生的中庸思維現(xiàn)狀與特點(diǎn),以及探究中庸思維與情緒問題的關(guān)系。 2.研究對(duì)象 (1)量表的修訂包括小組討論和兩次問卷調(diào)查。小組討論成員來自廣州市某高校心理學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生,以及4名心理學(xué)專業(yè)高年級(jí)研究生和兩名心理學(xué)專業(yè)老師；初次調(diào)查對(duì)象包括廣州市某高校隨機(jī)選取的四個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。共發(fā)放問卷210份,回收有效問卷198份,有效回收率達(dá)到94.3%；第二次調(diào)查的研究對(duì)象包括廣州市某高校,除去第一次調(diào)查的四個(gè)專業(yè)外,隨機(jī)選取的四個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。共發(fā)放問卷269份,有效問卷為244份,有效回收率為91.4%。 (2)全國(guó)調(diào)查采用分層隨機(jī)抽樣,在全國(guó)六大地區(qū)分別抽取2-3所高校,調(diào)查共回收問卷8602份,其中有效問卷8202份,有效回收率95.4%；其中男生3094人,女生5108人,年齡范圍16-27歲,平均年齡21.1±41.4。 3.研究工具 中庸思維量表(修訂版)、抑郁白評(píng)量表(SDS)、焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)和自殺行為問卷(SBQ)；統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件選用SPSS19.0。 4.統(tǒng)計(jì)方法 本研究中采用的主要統(tǒng)計(jì)方法有：項(xiàng)目分析、探索性因素分析、內(nèi)部一致性信度和重測(cè)信度檢驗(yàn)、單因素方差分析、相關(guān)分析和多元回歸分析等。 研究結(jié)果 1.修訂量表的項(xiàng)目分析結(jié)果：各條目高低分組的,值均顯著且大于3,顯示其鑒別力量很高,各項(xiàng)目與總分的相關(guān)均顯著且大于0.3,顯示其鑒別力良好。 2.修訂量表的信度結(jié)果：中庸思維量表信度系數(shù)(包括克朗巴赫α系數(shù)和重測(cè)信度)內(nèi)部一致性信度為0.811,重測(cè)信度為0.869,總體上信度較好。 3.修訂量表的效度結(jié)果：中庸思維量表修訂版具有一個(gè)共同因素,解釋變異量的38.9%,且每項(xiàng)條目共同性都大于0.2,說明該因子結(jié)構(gòu)比較穩(wěn)定。效標(biāo)效度方面,有研究表明,“公我意識(shí)”和“私我意識(shí)”可以作為中庸思維的有效效標(biāo)。本結(jié)果顯示修訂后的中庸思維量表與自我意識(shí)量表中的“公我意識(shí)”中的“外表意識(shí)”沒有相關(guān)(r=0.139,P0.05),但與“一般印象”有正相關(guān)(r=0.268,P0.01),說明個(gè)體中庸思維程度越高,其“公我意識(shí)”的程度越高,但與外貌無關(guān)。另外,中庸思維量表總分與私我意識(shí)中的“情緒知覺”“自我反省”也存有顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.287,P0.01；r=0.370,P0.01),說明個(gè)體的中庸思維程度越高,其“私我意識(shí)”的程度越高。 4.我國(guó)大學(xué)生中庸思維的特點(diǎn)：不同性別的大學(xué)生中庸思維差異顯著,表現(xiàn)為男生的中庸思維顯著低于女生(t=4.74,P0.001,)；不同年級(jí)大學(xué)生中庸思維差異顯著,事后比較檢驗(yàn)(Post Hoc tests)得知五年級(jí)大學(xué)生中庸思維得分顯著高于其他四個(gè)年級(jí)(F=6.67,P0.001)；不同性取向大學(xué)生中庸思維差異顯著,事后比較檢驗(yàn)得知異性戀的大學(xué)生中庸思維得分顯著高于其他性取向的大學(xué)生(F=10.49,P0.001)；不同家庭所在地的大學(xué)生中庸思維的差異顯著,居住在城市的大學(xué)生的中庸思維得分顯著高于來自農(nóng)村的大學(xué)生(t=-4.16,P0.001)；不同政治面貌的大學(xué)生中庸思維的差異顯著,有政治信仰的大學(xué)生中庸思維得分顯著高于無政治信仰的大學(xué)生(t=-6.65,P0.001),其中事后比較檢驗(yàn)也表明,政治面貌為群眾的大學(xué)生的中庸思維得分顯著低于其他政治面貌的大學(xué)生(F=11.73,P0.001)。 5.不同中庸思維程度的大學(xué)生的抑郁(t=-28.07,P0.001)、焦慮(t=-18.95,P0.001)、自殺行為(t=-6.97,P0.001)的得分也有顯著差異。高中庸思維個(gè)體的抑郁、焦慮、自殺行為得分顯著低于低中庸思維個(gè)體。 6.中庸思維與抑郁、焦慮、自殺行為的相關(guān)關(guān)系：中庸思維與抑郁(t=-0.327,P0.001)、中庸思維與焦慮(r=-0.238,P0.001)、中庸思維與自殺行為均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.074,P0.001)。 7.中庸思維對(duì)抑郁、焦慮、自殺行為的影響：在控制了年齡、性別、居住地、婚戀狀況等人口學(xué)因素之后,中庸思維對(duì)抑郁(r=-30.77,P0.001)、焦慮(t=-21.84,P0.001)、自殺行為(t=-6.04,P0.001)仍具有回歸效應(yīng).。 研究結(jié)論 1.修訂后的中庸思維量表在中國(guó)大學(xué)生中具有良好的信效度,可以作為今后在我國(guó)大范圍調(diào)查的中庸思維測(cè)量工具。 2.大陸大學(xué)生的中庸思維程度低于臺(tái)灣大學(xué)生的中庸思維程度。 3.大陸大學(xué)生中庸思維在部分人口學(xué)因素上差異顯著：其中女性中庸思維顯著高于男性；大五年級(jí)大學(xué)生顯著高于其他年級(jí)大學(xué)生；異性戀的大學(xué)生顯著高于其他性取向大學(xué)生；來自城市的大學(xué)生顯著高于農(nóng)村的大學(xué)生；有政治信仰的大學(xué)生顯著高于沒有政治信仰的大學(xué)生。 4.大學(xué)生中庸思維程度越高,其抑郁、焦慮、自殺行為出現(xiàn)的概率越低。 5.中庸思維對(duì)大學(xué)生抑郁情緒影響最大,焦慮次之,自殺行為最小。 研究創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 首次在大陸大學(xué)生群體中對(duì)林以正、吳佳輝編制的中庸思維量表驗(yàn)證其適應(yīng)性,并進(jìn)行修訂。修訂版量表經(jīng)大樣本數(shù)據(jù)檢驗(yàn)具有良好的心理計(jì)量學(xué)的屬性。其次,本研究采用了,到目前為止全國(guó)最大的大學(xué)生樣本對(duì)中國(guó)大學(xué)生的中庸思維現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,結(jié)論具有較好的代表性。 研究不足之處 本研究樣本的年級(jí)和性別分布不均衡,今后的研究可以在平衡相應(yīng)的因素后檢驗(yàn)結(jié)論；沒有考慮中庸思維與其他影響情緒因素的交互效應(yīng)；量化研究只能解釋中庸思維與情緒問題的總體相關(guān)趨勢(shì),缺乏質(zhì)性研究,進(jìn)一步探索原因。
[Abstract]:Research purpose and significance
With the development of local psychology, more and more scholars began to study the mental health of Chinese people under the characteristics of Chinese national culture. With the development of economic globalization, multiculturalism has been impacting the Chinese people, especially the year of China. On the other hand, emotion is an important index reflecting mental health. By studying the influence of the mean thinking on emotion, it is helpful to understand the relationship between the mean thinking and mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine and revise the Taiwan Doctrine of Meaning Scale through the sample of College students, and to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the sample of college students from the stratified sampling in China to reflect the Chinese College students. The status and characteristics of the golden mean thinking; 3. Combining with the main indicators of emotion, this paper explores the relationship between the golden mean thinking and emotional problems among college students in China.
research method
1. research process
Firstly, through a group discussion and two questionnaires, Wu Jiahui and Lin Yizheng compiled the Doctrine of the Mean Thinking Scale to discuss and revise, the revised Doctrine of the Mean Thinking Scale has good reliability and validity, and applied to the national survey. Secondly, in the national survey, the random stratified sampling method was used to obtain the sample of the National College students. Finally, using the results of the national sample survey to understand the status and characteristics of the mean thinking of college students in China, and explore the relationship between the mean thinking and emotional problems.
2. object of study
(1) The revised questionnaire included a panel discussion and two questionnaires. The panel discussion consisted of four senior psychology graduates and two psychology teachers from a university in Guangzhou. The first survey included students from four specialties randomly selected from a university in Guangzhou. 210 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 198 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 94.3%. The subjects of the second survey included a university in Guangzhou. In addition to the four majors of the first survey, students from four majors were randomly selected. A total of 269 questionnaires were sent out, 244 valid questionnaires were sent out, and the effective recovery rate was 91.4%.
(2) 2-3 universities and colleges were sampled by stratified random sampling in six regions of the country. A total of 8602 questionnaires were collected, of which 8202 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 95.4%. Among them, 3094 were boys and 5108 were girls, aged from 16 to 27, with an average age of 21.1 (+ 41.4).
3. research tools
The Mean Thinking Scale (revised version), the Depression White Scale (SDS), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the statistical software SPSS 19.0.
4. statistical methods
The main statistical methods used in this study are item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and retest reliability test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Research results
1. The results of item analysis of the revised scale showed that the value of each item grouped high and low was significant and greater than 3, indicating that the discriminant power was very high, and the correlation between items and the total score was significant and greater than 0.3, indicating that the discriminant power was good.
2. Reliability of the revised scale: The internal consistency reliability of the mean thinking scale was 0.811, the retest reliability was 0.869, and the overall reliability was good.
3. Validity of the revised scale: The revised version of the mean thinking scale had a common factor, accounting for 38.9% of the variance, and the commonality of each item was greater than 0.2, indicating that the structure of the factor was relatively stable. The results showed that there was no correlation between the revised Golden Mean Thinking Scale and the "appearance consciousness" in the self-consciousness scale (r = 0.139, P 0.05), but there was a positive correlation between the revised Golden Mean Thinking Scale and the "general impression" (r = 0.268, P 0.01), indicating that the higher the individual's thinking level of the Golden Mean, the higher his "public consciousness" but not his appearance. There was also a significant positive correlation between the total score of the dimension scale and the "emotional perception" and "self-reflection" in personal consciousness (r = 0.287, P 0.01; r = 0.370, P 0.01), indicating that the higher the individual's mediocre thinking, the higher his "self-consciousness".
4. The characteristics of Chinese college students'golden mean thinking: There are significant differences between male and female students' golden mean thinking, showing that male students'golden mean thinking is significantly lower than female students' (t = 4.74, P 0.001), and different grade students'golden mean thinking is significantly different, and post Hoc tests show that fifth grade students' golden mean thinking scores are significantly higher than other students'. Four grades (F = 6.67, P 0.001); different sexual orientation of college students mean thinking significant difference, after the comparative test found that heterosexual college students mean thinking score was significantly higher than other sexual orientation of college students (F = 10.49, P 0.001); different family places of college students mean thinking significant difference, living in the city of college students mean. The scores of the students with political beliefs were significantly higher than those without political beliefs (t = - 6.65, P 0.001), and the scores of the students with political beliefs were significantly higher than those without political beliefs (t = - 4.16, P 0.001). The scores of Yong thinking were significantly lower than those of other political faces (F=11.73, P0.001).
5. The scores of depression (t = - 28.07, P 0.001), anxiety (t = - 18.95, P 0.001), suicidal behavior (t = - 6.97, P 0.001) and depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior of students with different mediocre thinking levels were significantly lower than those of students with low mediocre thinking level.
6. The relationship between moderate thinking and depression, anxiety, suicidal behavior: moderate thinking and depression (t = - 0.327, P 0.001), moderate thinking and anxiety (r = - 0.238, P 0.001), moderate thinking and suicidal behavior were negatively correlated (r = - 0.074, P 0.001).
7. The influence of moderate thinking on depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior: After controlling demographic factors such as age, sex, residence, marital status, moderate thinking on depression (r = - 30.77, P 0.001), anxiety (t = - 21.84, P 0.001), suicidal behavior (t = - 6.04, P 0.001) still had regression effect.
research conclusion
1. The revised Golden Mean Thinking Scale has good reliability and validity among Chinese College students, and can be used as a tool for measuring the Golden Mean thinking in a large-scale survey in China.
2. the average degree of thinking of mainland students is lower than that of Taiwan college students.
3. There are significant differences in some demographic factors in the thinking of the mean among mainland College students: women's thinking of the mean is significantly higher than men's; fifth-grade college students are significantly higher than other grades; heterosexual college students are significantly higher than other sexual orientation College students; urban college students are significantly higher than rural college students; political students Students who believe in college students are significantly higher than those without political beliefs.
4. the higher the average thinking of college students, the lower the probability of depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior.
5. moderation thinking has the greatest impact on College Students' depression, anxiety is the second and suicide is the least.
Research innovation
It is the first time that Lin Yizheng and Wu Jiahui compiled the Medieval Thinking Scale in mainland China to verify their adaptability and revise it. The revised scale has good psychometric attributes tested by large sample data. Secondly, this study adopts the largest sample of college students in China so far. Investigation and Study on the current situation and characteristics of the two dimensions have good representativeness.
Research deficiencies
In this study, the sample's grade and gender distribution is unbalanced, and future research can test the conclusion after balancing the corresponding factors; it does not consider the interaction between the doctrine of the mean and other affecting emotional factors; quantitative research can only explain the general trend of the doctrine of the mean thinking and emotional problems, lack of qualitative research, and further explore the reasons.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G645.5;G444

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