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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：財政分權(quán)與中國義務教育供給研究　出處：《中央民族大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 財政分權(quán) 義務教育 供給不足 供給不均衡

【摘要】：教育是民族振興的基石,對于一國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步起著非常重要的推動作用,通過各國的教育狀況的實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),義務教育的社會回報率在三級教育中位列第一,中等及高等教育排列其后,義務教育作為外溢性很強的公共產(chǎn)品,一般認為由政府提供。我國在1986年以前采取完全集權(quán)的方式來管理和供給義務教育,1986年我國頒布了《中華人民共和國義務教育法》,規(guī)定實施“九年義務教育”,同時將義務教育管理責任下放至地方政府,這標志著我國基礎(chǔ)教育發(fā)展到了一個新階段。分權(quán)的供給模式在一定程度上調(diào)動了地方政府的積極性,但是由于縣鄉(xiāng)政府財力有限,貧困地區(qū)教育經(jīng)費投入不足,各地區(qū)之間由于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平差異而導致教育投入的不均衡教育事業(yè)發(fā)展的不均衡。對此,1993年我國明確了以縣為主的管理體制,2001年專門就農(nóng)村義務教育明確了縣及縣級以上政府的責任,2006年國家對《義務教育法》作了一次全面而重大的修改,通過并施行了新《義務教育法》,更是明確了省級政府的統(tǒng)籌責任。 從改革開放以來,我們一改以往高度集權(quán)的財政方式,從“財政包干”到1994年的“分稅制”制度的實施,逐步建立了我國財政分權(quán)體制。從結(jié)束高度財政集權(quán)體制以來,財政分權(quán)體制提高了我國的資源配置效率,極大地提升了我國的經(jīng)濟增長速度,優(yōu)化了地方政府的自給、支出行為。但是美中不足的是,隨著地方政府在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中不斷取得巨大成就的同時,我們的公共服務水平的提升卻始終沒能緊跟經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的速度,義務教育財政供給體制至今已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了27年的發(fā)展和完善,但我國義務教育的供給中仍面臨著供給總量不足及區(qū)域與城鄉(xiāng)差距等一些問題。 本文以財政分權(quán)體制為視角,以公共服務中的義務教育為研究對象,分析導致我國義務教育供給中供給不足以及供給不均衡的問題的原因,并提出相應解決方案。首先,本文對于財政分權(quán)以及義務教育供給的相關(guān)理論及概念進行總結(jié)及歸納。其次,梳理出財政分權(quán)以來義務教育財政供給的歷史脈絡以及現(xiàn)實的義務教育供給現(xiàn)狀。再次,構(gòu)建理論分析框架分析義務教育的公共物品屬性以及財政分權(quán)對于義務教育供給的影響機制,同時結(jié)合中國的特殊情況發(fā)現(xiàn)我國財政分權(quán)對于義務教育供給有著體制性的約束。然后,進行實證分析,計算得出相應的數(shù)據(jù)指標同時進行回歸分析驗證財政分權(quán)對于義務教育供給總量不足及區(qū)域、城鄉(xiāng)間供給不均衡的影響程度。最后,從財政分權(quán)的制度設計、激勵機制、立法等各個角度提出了相應的政策與建議。
[Abstract]:Education is the cornerstone of national revitalization and plays a very important role in promoting a country's economic development and social progress. The social rate of return of compulsory education ranks first in the tertiary education, secondary education and higher education ranking behind, compulsory education as a strong spillover of public goods. It is generally believed that compulsory education is provided by the government. Before 1986, our country adopted a completely centralized way to manage and supply compulsory education. In 1986, China promulgated the compulsory Education Law of the people's Republic of China. To provide for the implementation of "nine-year compulsory education" and to decentralize the responsibility for compulsory education management to local governments. This indicates that the basic education of our country has developed to a new stage. The decentralized supply mode has mobilized the enthusiasm of the local government to a certain extent, but because of the limited financial resources of the county and township government. There is insufficient investment in education in poor areas, and the unbalanced development of educational undertakings is caused by the difference of economic development level between different regions. In 1993, the management system of county was defined, and the responsibility of county and county level government was defined in 2001 on rural compulsory education. In 2006, the State made a comprehensive and important amendment to the compulsory Education Law, passed and implemented the new compulsory Education Law, and made clear the overall responsibility of the provincial government. Since the reform and opening up, we have changed the former highly centralized financial mode, from "fiscal responsibility" to the implementation of the "tax sharing" system in 1994. Since the end of the fiscal centralization system, the fiscal decentralization system has improved the efficiency of China's resource allocation and greatly improved the economic growth rate of our country. Optimizes the local government's self-sufficiency, the expenditure behavior. But in the ointment is, as the local government unceasingly obtains the huge achievement in the economic development at the same time. However, our public service level has not been able to keep up with the pace of economic development. The financial supply system of compulsory education has experienced 27 years of development and improvement. However, the supply of compulsory education in China is still faced with some problems, such as the shortage of total supply and the gap between regions and urban and rural areas. From the perspective of fiscal decentralization system, this paper takes compulsory education in public service as the research object, and analyzes the causes of the shortage of supply and the imbalance of supply in the supply of compulsory education in our country. And put forward the corresponding solutions. First, this paper summarizes and summarizes the relevant theories and concepts of fiscal decentralization and compulsory education supply. Secondly. Combing out the historical context of the financial supply of compulsory education since the fiscal decentralization and the reality of the current situation of compulsory education supply. Again. Construct the theoretical analysis frame to analyze the public goods attribute of compulsory education and the influence mechanism of fiscal decentralization on compulsory education supply. At the same time, combined with the special situation of China, it is found that fiscal decentralization has institutional constraints on the supply of compulsory education. Then, the empirical analysis is carried out. Calculate the corresponding data indicators at the same time for regression analysis to verify the fiscal decentralization of the total supply of compulsory education and regional, urban and rural supply imbalance degree of impact. Finally, from the fiscal decentralization system design. Incentive mechanism, legislation and other perspectives put forward the corresponding policies and suggestions.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G522.3;F812.2

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