基于EAP模式—健身干預(yù)方法對(duì)高校教師影響的實(shí)證研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-29 18:08
【摘要】：教師自古以來就是一項(xiàng)神圣的職業(yè),高校教師是教師隊(duì)伍中的一個(gè)特殊群體,作為我國(guó)高等教育發(fā)展的中堅(jiān)力量,他們不僅引導(dǎo)當(dāng)代大學(xué)生德、智、體、美、勞全面發(fā)展,擔(dān)任著培養(yǎng)社會(huì)主義高級(jí)人才的重要使命,是未來知識(shí)分子的教育者和培養(yǎng)者,同時(shí)也承擔(dān)著創(chuàng)新國(guó)家科技、發(fā)展國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要使命,是國(guó)家科研工作的實(shí)踐者。隨著高校人事制度改革,特別是各種考核和績(jī)效工資的深入改革,高校教師面臨的壓力不斷增長(zhǎng),不斷影響了生存質(zhì)量水平,也影響了工作的效績(jī),其身心健康狀況不容樂觀。因此,對(duì)高校教師的生活質(zhì)量和工作倦怠進(jìn)行研究,改善教師身心健康狀況是發(fā)展高等教育急需解決的問題。 本文以體育學(xué)、管理學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等作為課題研究的理論基礎(chǔ),在總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,制定實(shí)證研究方案,設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問卷,選取4所普通高校的教師作為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行調(diào)查,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談?wù){(diào)查法、問卷調(diào)查法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等研究方法,分別對(duì)高校教師生存質(zhì)量和工作倦怠的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,根據(jù)調(diào)查情況分析了EAP符合目前高校的需要,并運(yùn)用健身干預(yù)方法進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),通過描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、多變量變方分析和單因子差異分析等對(duì)高校教師健身前后差異進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),通過調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果結(jié)合訪談進(jìn)行討論。 本文通過基于EAP采用健身干預(yù)方法對(duì)高校教師生活質(zhì)量和工作倦怠的研究,得出以下結(jié)論： 第一,目前高校教師的健康狀況在整體上與普通人群無顯著性差異,但略低于普通人群；工作倦怠在整體上并不嚴(yán)重,但工作倦怠現(xiàn)象已比較普遍,生活工作方面的問題初露端倪。EAP主要通過專業(yè)人員對(duì)員工提供專業(yè)指導(dǎo)、培訓(xùn)和咨詢,幫助解決員工個(gè)人生活方面問題和工作方面問題。EAP的減壓、排泄情緒和疏通情感、更好的規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展、改善組織環(huán)境等作用適合在高校開展,EAP不僅可以為高校人力資源管理幫助教師提高生活質(zhì)量和緩解工作倦怠現(xiàn)象提供一個(gè)制度性的平臺(tái),還能體現(xiàn)出人性關(guān)懷理念,對(duì)開發(fā)與整合高校人力資源有著重要意義。健身干預(yù)方法作為EAP的一種模式,它有以下成本低、易接受和易操作的優(yōu)勢(shì)利于EAP在當(dāng)前高校開展。 第二,健身途徑對(duì)高校教師的生存質(zhì)量的改善是顯著的,總體情況來看,實(shí)驗(yàn)后生存質(zhì)量8個(gè)維度均有所提高,并且生理職能、軀體疼痛、一般健康、精力、社會(huì)功能、情感職能和精神健康7個(gè)維度得分提高值呈顯著性。健身對(duì)不同年齡、月收入和職稱的教師的生存質(zhì)量帶來的效果不一樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)組45歲以上教師在生理職能、軀體疼痛、一般健康、精力、社會(huì)功能、情感職能和精神健康7個(gè)維度上提高呈顯著性,45歲以下教師在精力和精神健康2個(gè)維度的提高呈顯著性；實(shí)驗(yàn)組月收入不足6000元的教師以及助教和講師,精力和精神健康2個(gè)維度的提高呈顯著性,而月收入超過6000元的教師以及副教授和教師,生理職能、軀體疼痛、一般健康、精力、社會(huì)功能、情感職能和精神健康7個(gè)維度的提高呈顯著性。健身途徑對(duì)改善高年齡教師、高收入教師和高職稱教師的生存質(zhì)量更顯著。 第三,健身途徑可以緩解高校教師的工作倦怠現(xiàn)象,總體情況來看,實(shí)驗(yàn)后工作倦怠3個(gè)維度均有所提高,并且情感衰竭與去個(gè)性化2個(gè)維度得分降低值呈顯著性。健身對(duì)不同性別和婚姻的教師的工作倦怠帶來的效果不一樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)組男性教師在情緒衰竭維度上的降低呈顯著性,男女教師都在去個(gè)性化維度上的降低呈顯著性；實(shí)驗(yàn)組未婚教師在去個(gè)性化維度上的降低呈顯著性,已婚教師在情緒衰竭維度上的降低呈顯著性。健身途徑對(duì)緩解男性教師和離異教師的工作倦怠現(xiàn)象更顯著。 第四,不同的鍛煉頻率、鍛煉時(shí)間以及鍛煉強(qiáng)度對(duì)改善教師的生存質(zhì)量和緩解教師的工作倦怠有著不同的影響作用,平均每周鍛煉3次以上、每次鍛煉時(shí)間1小時(shí)以上及每次鍛煉基本能做到“出大汗”,這三種情況在增高生存質(zhì)量8個(gè)維度和減低工作倦怠3個(gè)維度的得分均呈顯著,產(chǎn)生的健身效果最佳,在健身時(shí)要綜合考慮的鍛煉頻率、鍛煉時(shí)間和鍛煉強(qiáng)度三方面因素。 本文通過實(shí)證調(diào)查研究得到了一定的結(jié)論,同時(shí)還對(duì)本文存在的不足進(jìn)行了總結(jié),主要包括：一是調(diào)查問卷的局限、選項(xiàng)標(biāo)量差異和理解差異。本研究中所使用的調(diào)查問卷,只是表層的、詢問式的了解教師對(duì)生存質(zhì)量和工作倦怠成因的感知,而在實(shí)際分析中直接作為調(diào)研結(jié)果,有一定局限性；在自行設(shè)計(jì)的問卷部分,題目選項(xiàng)中標(biāo)量的界定,對(duì)調(diào)查的結(jié)果會(huì)造成一定誤差;同時(shí)每個(gè)教師對(duì)問卷的理解有所區(qū)別,容易造成填寫量表的理解差異。二是觀察對(duì)象分析得不全面。本文只對(duì)總體效果呈顯著的觀察對(duì)象進(jìn)行多維度分析差異,實(shí)際上總體效果不顯著的觀察對(duì)象可能出現(xiàn)部分維度顯著,部分維度不顯著,忽略了一些觀察對(duì)象。三是缺少分析鍛煉頻率、時(shí)間和強(qiáng)度的交互影響作用。本研究由于各受試教師生理?xiàng)l件的不同,只對(duì)受試者的鍛煉頻率、鍛煉時(shí)間及鍛煉強(qiáng)度與生存質(zhì)量和職業(yè)倦怠的關(guān)系進(jìn)行單因素方差分析,沒有深入分析鍛煉頻率、鍛煉時(shí)間及鍛煉強(qiáng)度三者間的交互影響作用。
[Abstract]:The teacher has been a sacred profession since ancient times, and the university teachers are a special group in the teaching staff, as the medium and strong force of the development of higher education in our country, and they not only guide the contemporary college students' morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor in all-round development, As an important mission to train the socialist high-level talents, it is the educator and the culture of the future intellectuals. At the same time, the important mission of the innovation of the national science and technology and the development of the national economy is the practitioner of the national scientific research. With the reform of the personnel system in colleges and universities, in particular the in-depth reform of various assessment and performance pay, the pressure of the university teachers is increasing, and the quality of life is continuously affected, and the performance of the work is also affected. Therefore, to study the quality of life and job burnout of the university teachers, to improve the physical and mental health of the teachers is a problem to be solved in the development of higher education. Based on the research of sports, management, sports medicine, psychology, sociology and so on, this paper, on the basis of summarizing the relevant literature at home and abroad, set up an empirical research project, design and survey the questionnaire, and select the teachers in the four universities as the research object. The present situation of college teachers' quality of life and job burnout was investigated by means of the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire, experiment and mathematical statistics. In order to study the difference between the pre-and post-exercise of the university teachers by means of descriptive statistics, variable quantitative analysis and single-factor difference analysis, the paper discussed the differences between the pre-and post-exercise of the university teachers by means of descriptive statistics, variable quantitative analysis and single-factor analysis. On the basis of the study of the quality of life and job burnout of the university teachers based on the method of EAP, the paper draws the conclusion that Conclusion: First, there is no significant difference between the health status of the university and the general population in the whole, but it is slightly lower In the general population, job burnout is not serious in the whole, but the job burnout phenomenon is more common, the life work aspect The first show is that EAP is mainly through the professional staff to provide professional guidance, training and consultation to the staff to help solve the problem of personal life and work of the staff As a result, EAP's functions of reducing pressure, draining emotion and dredging emotion, better planning career development, improving the environment of the organization and so on are suitable to be carried out in colleges and universities. EAP can not only provide a system for improving the quality of life and relieving the job burnout of the teachers in the management of human resources in colleges and universities. The platform of the degree of human nature can also reflect the concept of human nature, and it is necessary to develop and integrate human resources in colleges and universities. As a model of the EAP, the fitness intervention method has the following advantages: low cost, easy acceptance and easy operation, The second, the body-building approach to the improvement of the quality of life of the university teachers is remarkable, in the general situation, the survival quality of the experiment is improved after the experiment, and the physiological function, physical pain, general health, 7 dimension scores for energy, social function, emotional function and mental health The effect of body-building on the quality of life of the teachers with different ages, monthly income and professional title is different, and the teachers in the experimental group have the physiological functions, physical pain, general health, The level of energy, social function, emotional function and mental health increased significantly, and teachers under the age of 45 were significant in the improvement of the two dimensions of energy and mental health; the teachers with less than 6,000 yuan in the experimental group and 2 dimensions of teaching assistants and lecturers, energy and mental health The increase in the monthly income of more than 6,000 yuan, as well as an associate professor and a teacher, a physical function, physical pain, general health, energy, social function, emotional function and mental health 7 dimensions The method of body-building is significant to the improvement of high-age teachers, high-income teachers and high-title teachers. The third, the body-building approach can alleviate the job burnout of the university teachers. In general, the three dimensions of the post-experiment job burnout have been improved, and the emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization are 2 dimensions. The effect of body-building on the job burnout of teachers of different sex and marriage is different. The decrease of male teachers in the experimental group is significant in the dimension of emotional exhaustion, and both male and female teachers are on the way to individualize the dimension. The decrease of the degree is significant; the decrease of the unwed teachers in the experimental group is significant in the depersonalization dimension, and the married teachers are in the emotional exhaustion dimension The decrease in the degree of fitness is significant. The way of fitness is to relieve male and divorced teachers. The fourth, the different exercise frequency, the exercise time and the exercise intensity have different effects on improving the quality of the teacher's life and relieving the teacher's job burnout, the average exercise is more than three times a week, and each time the exercise time is more than 1 hour and the exercise is basically the same as the "swea" ", the three conditions are significant in increasing the quality of life of 8 dimensions and reducing the 3 dimensions of job burnout, the result of the exercise is the best, the exercise frequency to be considered in the body-building is the best, and during the exercise, In this paper, some conclusions are obtained through the empirical investigation, and the deficiency in this paper is also summarized. The first is the survey of the bureau of the questionnaire. The questionnaire, which is used in this study, is only the surface of the questionnaire, which is the perception of the quality of life and the cause of job burnout, and it has some limitations in the actual analysis as a result of the investigation. in part, that definition of the scalar in the topic option will cause some error for the result of the survey; at the same time, each teacher is different to the understanding of the questionnaire, Easy to understand differences in the fill-in scale Second, the analysis of the observation object is not comprehensive. This paper only makes a multi-dimensional analysis difference of the observation object which has a significant effect on the overall effect. In fact, the observation object with no significant overall effect may have a significant part of the dimension and part of the dimension. It's not obvious that some of the observation objects are ignored. Third, we lack the analysis of the frequency of exercise. The effects of the interaction of time and intensity on the physical condition of the subject are different, and only the frequency of exercise, the exercise time and the relationship between the exercise intensity and the quality of life and the job burnout of the subject are the single-factor variance. Analysis, not in-depth analysis of exercise frequency, exercise time, and forging
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G645.1;G806
本文編號(hào)：2488112
[Abstract]:The teacher has been a sacred profession since ancient times, and the university teachers are a special group in the teaching staff, as the medium and strong force of the development of higher education in our country, and they not only guide the contemporary college students' morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor in all-round development, As an important mission to train the socialist high-level talents, it is the educator and the culture of the future intellectuals. At the same time, the important mission of the innovation of the national science and technology and the development of the national economy is the practitioner of the national scientific research. With the reform of the personnel system in colleges and universities, in particular the in-depth reform of various assessment and performance pay, the pressure of the university teachers is increasing, and the quality of life is continuously affected, and the performance of the work is also affected. Therefore, to study the quality of life and job burnout of the university teachers, to improve the physical and mental health of the teachers is a problem to be solved in the development of higher education. Based on the research of sports, management, sports medicine, psychology, sociology and so on, this paper, on the basis of summarizing the relevant literature at home and abroad, set up an empirical research project, design and survey the questionnaire, and select the teachers in the four universities as the research object. The present situation of college teachers' quality of life and job burnout was investigated by means of the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire, experiment and mathematical statistics. In order to study the difference between the pre-and post-exercise of the university teachers by means of descriptive statistics, variable quantitative analysis and single-factor difference analysis, the paper discussed the differences between the pre-and post-exercise of the university teachers by means of descriptive statistics, variable quantitative analysis and single-factor analysis. On the basis of the study of the quality of life and job burnout of the university teachers based on the method of EAP, the paper draws the conclusion that Conclusion: First, there is no significant difference between the health status of the university and the general population in the whole, but it is slightly lower In the general population, job burnout is not serious in the whole, but the job burnout phenomenon is more common, the life work aspect The first show is that EAP is mainly through the professional staff to provide professional guidance, training and consultation to the staff to help solve the problem of personal life and work of the staff As a result, EAP's functions of reducing pressure, draining emotion and dredging emotion, better planning career development, improving the environment of the organization and so on are suitable to be carried out in colleges and universities. EAP can not only provide a system for improving the quality of life and relieving the job burnout of the teachers in the management of human resources in colleges and universities. The platform of the degree of human nature can also reflect the concept of human nature, and it is necessary to develop and integrate human resources in colleges and universities. As a model of the EAP, the fitness intervention method has the following advantages: low cost, easy acceptance and easy operation, The second, the body-building approach to the improvement of the quality of life of the university teachers is remarkable, in the general situation, the survival quality of the experiment is improved after the experiment, and the physiological function, physical pain, general health, 7 dimension scores for energy, social function, emotional function and mental health The effect of body-building on the quality of life of the teachers with different ages, monthly income and professional title is different, and the teachers in the experimental group have the physiological functions, physical pain, general health, The level of energy, social function, emotional function and mental health increased significantly, and teachers under the age of 45 were significant in the improvement of the two dimensions of energy and mental health; the teachers with less than 6,000 yuan in the experimental group and 2 dimensions of teaching assistants and lecturers, energy and mental health The increase in the monthly income of more than 6,000 yuan, as well as an associate professor and a teacher, a physical function, physical pain, general health, energy, social function, emotional function and mental health 7 dimensions The method of body-building is significant to the improvement of high-age teachers, high-income teachers and high-title teachers. The third, the body-building approach can alleviate the job burnout of the university teachers. In general, the three dimensions of the post-experiment job burnout have been improved, and the emotional exhaustion and the depersonalization are 2 dimensions. The effect of body-building on the job burnout of teachers of different sex and marriage is different. The decrease of male teachers in the experimental group is significant in the dimension of emotional exhaustion, and both male and female teachers are on the way to individualize the dimension. The decrease of the degree is significant; the decrease of the unwed teachers in the experimental group is significant in the depersonalization dimension, and the married teachers are in the emotional exhaustion dimension The decrease in the degree of fitness is significant. The way of fitness is to relieve male and divorced teachers. The fourth, the different exercise frequency, the exercise time and the exercise intensity have different effects on improving the quality of the teacher's life and relieving the teacher's job burnout, the average exercise is more than three times a week, and each time the exercise time is more than 1 hour and the exercise is basically the same as the "swea" ", the three conditions are significant in increasing the quality of life of 8 dimensions and reducing the 3 dimensions of job burnout, the result of the exercise is the best, the exercise frequency to be considered in the body-building is the best, and during the exercise, In this paper, some conclusions are obtained through the empirical investigation, and the deficiency in this paper is also summarized. The first is the survey of the bureau of the questionnaire. The questionnaire, which is used in this study, is only the surface of the questionnaire, which is the perception of the quality of life and the cause of job burnout, and it has some limitations in the actual analysis as a result of the investigation. in part, that definition of the scalar in the topic option will cause some error for the result of the survey; at the same time, each teacher is different to the understanding of the questionnaire, Easy to understand differences in the fill-in scale Second, the analysis of the observation object is not comprehensive. This paper only makes a multi-dimensional analysis difference of the observation object which has a significant effect on the overall effect. In fact, the observation object with no significant overall effect may have a significant part of the dimension and part of the dimension. It's not obvious that some of the observation objects are ignored. Third, we lack the analysis of the frequency of exercise. The effects of the interaction of time and intensity on the physical condition of the subject are different, and only the frequency of exercise, the exercise time and the relationship between the exercise intensity and the quality of life and the job burnout of the subject are the single-factor variance. Analysis, not in-depth analysis of exercise frequency, exercise time, and forging
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G645.1;G806
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