【摘要】：高等教育資源或機會的不公平配置問題，在不同地區(qū)之間、不同城市之間、不同社會階層之間等諸多方面都比較突出，加之近年來社會對高等教育的需求逐年增加，公眾對于高等教育實施過程中出現(xiàn)的不公平問題越來越關注。在此大背景下，，研究高等教育過程的機會平等、教育資源的合理配置等公平性問題,就顯得十分重要。 由于地理、歷史的原因，東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟相對于中西部地區(qū)要繁榮的多，因此教育經(jīng)費相對充足，高校眾多。而西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達省份地廣人稀，教育資源相對匱乏，在教學實施、設備、師資力量等方面都明顯落后于東部地區(qū)。加之由于城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的存在，鄉(xiāng)村和城市之間的差距越來越明顯。鄉(xiāng)村沒有自己的圖書室，沒有完整的教育實驗設備，以至于農(nóng)村學生的受教育機會在起點上就處于劣勢，再加上我國許多高校招生的城市化傾向，使得農(nóng)村學生在高校中的比例越來越低。此外，社會階層之間的差距也是引起高等教育不公的一個重要原因。由于經(jīng)濟與所處環(huán)境的約束，處于社會低層次的人由于認識不到接受高等教育的重要性，導致其缺少必要的生活技能與文化知識，結(jié)果只能是貧者愈貧；而處于中高階層的人，由于沒有經(jīng)濟的限制，他們更想通過提高學歷來證明自身的價值和潛力，進而可獲得更多的教育資源，結(jié)果導致教育資源越來越集中于高收入的人群。長此以往，可能會加劇社會財富分配的兩極分化。 通過研究認為，要從根本上改善高等教育資源與機會失衡問題，必須從內(nèi)、外兩個角度進行分析。內(nèi)部因素有教育體制本身、教育政策等方面，外部因素主要是經(jīng)濟的不平衡發(fā)展和人們觀念的不同。本文著重使用以下方法對高等教育不公平問題進行探討。用文獻分析法，對國內(nèi)外高等教育公平理論的相關成果作了重點梳理；用因素分析法從政治、經(jīng)濟、觀念以及文化傳統(tǒng)等方面入手，分析引起高等教育不公平問題的可能原因；用比較分析法對比分析不同地區(qū)、不同階層之間的高等教育不公問題。同時在此基礎上提出了改善高等教育資源或機會不公平分配的基本對策。以期本論文的研究成果有助于促進高等教育資源或機會向更加公平的方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The unfair allocation of higher education resources or opportunities is prominent in many aspects, such as different regions, different cities, different social strata, etc. In addition, the social demand for higher education has increased year by year in recent years. The public is more and more concerned about the unfair problems in the implementation of higher education. Under this background, it is very important to study the equality of opportunity in the process of higher education and the reasonable allocation of educational resources. Due to geographical and historical reasons, the economy of the eastern region is more prosperous than that of the central and western regions, so the education funds are relatively sufficient and there are many colleges and universities. However, the economically underdeveloped provinces in the west are sparsely populated and lack of educational resources, which lags behind the eastern regions in teaching implementation, equipment and teachers' strength. In addition, due to the existence of urban and rural dual structure, the gap between rural and urban is becoming more and more obvious. The countryside does not have its own library and has no complete educational experimental equipment, so that rural students' educational opportunities are at a disadvantage from the starting point, in addition to the urbanization tendency of many colleges and universities in our country. It makes the proportion of rural students in colleges and universities lower and lower. In addition, the gap between social classes is also an important cause of inequality in higher education. Because of the restriction of the economy and the environment, the people at the lower level of society do not realize the importance of higher education, which leads to the lack of necessary life skills and cultural knowledge, and the result is that the poor become poorer. Because of the lack of economic restriction, the people in the middle and high class want to prove their value and potential by improving their academic qualifications, and then obtain more educational resources. As a result, the educational resources are more and more concentrated on the high-income people. In the long run, it is likely to exacerbate the polarization of social wealth distribution. In order to fundamentally improve the imbalance of higher education resources and opportunities, it is necessary to analyze it from two angles: internal and external. The internal factors include the educational system itself, the educational policy and so on. The external factors are mainly the unbalanced development of economy and the difference of people's ideas. This paper focuses on the use of the following methods to explore the inequality of higher education. With the method of literature analysis, this paper focuses on the related achievements of the theory of higher education equity at home and abroad, analyzes the possible causes of the unfair problems of higher education from the aspects of politics, economy, concept and cultural tradition by the method of factor analysis. Comparative analysis is used to analyze the inequality of higher education in different regions and different classes. At the same time, it puts forward the basic countermeasures to improve the unfair distribution of higher education resources or opportunities. The research results of this paper will help to promote the development of higher education resources or opportunities towards a more equitable direction.
【學位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.2

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