本文選題：重點大學(xué) + 入學(xué)機(jī)會��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，我國社會各方面的不平等現(xiàn)象是普遍存在的并且己經(jīng)成為一個不爭的事實，在教育領(lǐng)域中也不例外。在這樣的背景下，研究社會平等就顯得很有必要，與此同時“教育機(jī)會均等”也逐漸進(jìn)入人們的視線，人們開始花大功夫研究這一問題。在我國，很多學(xué)者研究教育公平的問題，尤其是城鄉(xiāng)之間教育公平問題。他們著眼于城鄉(xiāng)之間的義務(wù)教育、高等教育、素質(zhì)教育的公平問題，，以及入學(xué)機(jī)會享受教育資源方面等的問題。但是與西方國家相比，我國對教育均等問題的研究比較落后，在研究的時間和領(lǐng)域上也存在差距。而且由于之前人們普遍認(rèn)為的一種錯誤觀念即不平等是階級社會的產(chǎn)物，而我國是社會主義國家在我們的社會主義國家的社會都是平等的，因此不存在不平等，教育領(lǐng)域也不例外。因此，那時候很少有人去研究教育均等問題。八十年代之后，改革開放不但推動了國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也推動了人們思想的進(jìn)步有學(xué)者開始認(rèn)識到這種思想是一種誤區(qū)，并著手深思教育機(jī)會均等的問題，也取得了豐碩的成績。尤其是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的不斷發(fā)展以及教育事業(yè)的進(jìn)步，學(xué)者們開始研究重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會的問題。 在分析近幾年甚至是近十年我國重點大學(xué)錄取情況之后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)我國重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會在起點上就處于一種不平衡的狀態(tài)，城市學(xué)生的入學(xué)機(jī)會多而農(nóng)村學(xué)生的入學(xué)機(jī)會少，城鄉(xiāng)之間處于嚴(yán)重的不平衡趨勢。鑒于這種現(xiàn)實情況，現(xiàn)階段解決重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會均等的問題是非常有必要的。但是這并不是一朝一夕就能解決好的問題，因此需要社會各界人士積極參與，發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用，共同緩解這種不公平的現(xiàn)狀。享有重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會對人的全面發(fā)展有著重要的影響意義，能夠進(jìn)入重點高校學(xué)習(xí)會獲取比別人更多的文化資源、社會資源等等，就會比別人更容易實現(xiàn)人生的成功、更容易進(jìn)入較高的社會層次。所以在我國重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會不均等情況比較嚴(yán)重的背景下，以重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會起點作為研究的突破口有著重要的意義。 重點大學(xué)為我國的社會發(fā)展和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了一大批的高端人才，同時為社會進(jìn)步提供了知識基礎(chǔ)和精神動力，在我國的教育事業(yè)中占有極其重要的地位。隨著高等教育大眾化的發(fā)展，我國的重點大學(xué)教育事業(yè)取得可喜的成績，入學(xué)率有了明顯的提高，但是在我國的重點大學(xué)中，農(nóng)村學(xué)生越來越少，重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會的城鄉(xiāng)不平衡問題也日益顯現(xiàn)出來。因此，研究重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會的城鄉(xiāng)差異問題無疑就具有深刻而又深遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文通過比較法、文獻(xiàn)法、調(diào)查法等方法，以北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)等重點大學(xué)為例，通過對城鄉(xiāng)的學(xué)生在進(jìn)入重點大學(xué)的機(jī)會方面的分析研究，指出他們在這方面存在差異性，而且盡可能的找出造成這種差異的原因，提出解決的對策。通過分析指出，影響城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)生進(jìn)入重點大學(xué)的因素主要有：社會制度、高考制度、家庭因素、政府政策以及就業(yè)前景等等。近年來進(jìn)入重點大學(xué)學(xué)生總?cè)藬?shù)明顯增加，然而城市學(xué)生和農(nóng)村學(xué)生的比例明顯的不均衡，農(nóng)村學(xué)生的比例明顯的下降。 通過對城鄉(xiāng)間重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會的差異的影響因素以及改進(jìn)措施的研究，我們可以緩解當(dāng)前城鄉(xiāng)重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會差異，縮小城鄉(xiāng)教育投入差距、打破城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、改革高考錄取招生制度，從而促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)重點大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會趨向公平，推進(jìn)社會主義和諧社會的建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:At present, inequality in all aspects of our society is common and has become an indisputable fact, and it is no exception in the field of education. In this context, it is necessary to study social equality. At the same time, the equality of educational opportunities is gradually coming into the eyes of people, and people are beginning to take great effort to study this. One problem. In our country, many scholars study the problem of equity in education, especially the problem of educational equity between urban and rural areas. They focus on the problem of compulsory education, higher education, the equity of quality education, and the enjoyment of educational resources between urban and rural areas, as well as the access to education resources. But compared with western countries, our country is concerned about the equality of education. The research is relatively backward, and there is also a gap in the time and field of research. And because of the wrong idea that people generally believe that inequality is the product of class society, and that our country is a socialist country in our socialist society is equal, because this does not exist inequality, education is no exception. At the time, few people studied the equality of education. After 80s, the reform and opening up not only promoted the economic development of the country, but also promoted the progress of people's thought. Some scholars began to realize that this kind of thought was a misunderstanding, and began to think deeply about the equality of educational opportunities, and made great achievements, especially with the economy. With the continuous development of society and the progress of education, scholars began to study the opportunity of admission to key universities.
After analyzing the enrolment of the key universities in China in recent years or even in the last ten years, it is not difficult to find that the entrance opportunities of the key universities in our country are in a unbalanced state of departure. There are many opportunities for the entrance of the students in the cities while the opportunities for the students in the countryside are few, and the urban and rural areas are in a serious unbalance trend. At the present stage, it is necessary to solve the problem of equal access to key universities. But it is not a problem that can be solved overnight. Therefore, it is necessary for all circles of society to participate actively and play its due role in alleviating this unfair situation. To be able to enter the key colleges and universities to acquire more cultural resources than others, social resources and so on, it will be easier to achieve the success of life than others and easier to enter the higher social level. Therefore, the starting point of the key university entrance opportunity is in the background of the serious unequal situation in the entrance opportunities of the key universities in China. As a breakthrough in the study, it is of great significance.
The key universities provide a large number of high end talents for the social development and socialist modernization in China, and provide a knowledge base and spiritual motivation for the social progress. It occupies an extremely important position in the educational cause of our country. With the development of the popularization of higher education, the education of the key universities of our country has been made gratifying. As a result, the enrollment rate has been obviously improved, but in the key universities in China, there are fewer and fewer rural students, and the imbalance between urban and rural areas of key universities is becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, it is undoubtedly of profound and far-reaching practical significance to study the difference between urban and rural areas of the entrance opportunities of key universities.
This paper, by means of comparative method, literature method and investigation method, takes the key universities of Peking University and Tsinghua University as an example. Through the analysis and Research on the opportunities for students in urban and rural areas to enter the key universities, they point out that they are different in this respect, and find out the reasons for this difference as far as possible, and put forward the countermeasures to solve them. The analysis points out that the main factors affecting the entrance of urban and rural students to key universities include social system, college entrance examination system, family factors, government policies and employment prospects. In recent years, the total number of students entering key universities has increased significantly. However, the proportion of urban students and rural students is obviously uneven, and the proportion of rural students has decreased significantly.
Through the study of the influencing factors and the improvement measures, we can alleviate the differences in the entrance opportunities of the urban and rural key universities, narrow the gap between urban and rural education investment, break the two yuan economic structure in urban and rural areas, and reform the enrollment system of the college entrance examination, thus promoting the entrance opportunities of the urban and rural key universities to the public. To promote the construction of a socialist harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.2

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