本文選題：南非 + 高等教育��； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：高等教育的大眾化和私有化過(guò)程中,很多國(guó)家高等教育面臨著財(cái)政短缺的問(wèn)題。各國(guó)力圖謀求通過(guò)高等教育財(cái)政改革改變困境,學(xué)生貸款作為一種有效的融資方式為許多國(guó)家所接受與踐行。發(fā)展中國(guó)家由于社會(huì)信用體系不完善、資金相對(duì)匱乏,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比學(xué)生貸款較為困難。南非作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)施國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃并取得成功,具有案例分析的典型性。本文嘗試對(duì)其有效實(shí)施的原因進(jìn)行探析。 本文首先從歷史、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)角度等與高等教育密切相關(guān)的因素出發(fā),探討促使南非實(shí)施學(xué)生貸款的外部背景與高等教育所面臨的境況,得出南非歷史上的種族制度造成南非社會(huì)及高等教育的二元結(jié)構(gòu),在南非黑人與白人之間貧富差距嚴(yán)重,而高失業(yè)率與高技能人才缺失的矛盾等都顯示出南非發(fā)展高等教育,實(shí)施學(xué)生貸款的需要。同時(shí),本文從學(xué)生貸款項(xiàng)目本身的利益相關(guān)者高校、學(xué)生、政府三方出發(fā),分析得出他們支持學(xué)生貸款的原因：高校因?yàn)樨?cái)政資金縮減,尋求新的資金來(lái)源而支持學(xué)生貸款；學(xué)生貸款也為那些被高昂學(xué)費(fèi)困擾的學(xué)生帶來(lái)了希望；政府以促進(jìn)高等教育公平為目標(biāo)實(shí)施學(xué)生貸款項(xiàng)目。本文第二部分對(duì)南非學(xué)生貸款項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展及組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行梳理,明確學(xué)生貸款項(xiàng)目——國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃,是在南非原有的第三級(jí)教育基金演變而來(lái)的,現(xiàn)由董事會(huì)與下屬的7個(gè)委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)管理,高校資助辦公室協(xié)助運(yùn)行。在此基礎(chǔ)上,在文章第三部分選取南非國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃的7個(gè)貸款要素進(jìn)行梳理與分析,包括貸款資金來(lái)源、貸款資格對(duì)象審核與確定、貸款額度、貸款的發(fā)放、貸款利率、貸款與獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金轉(zhuǎn)化、貸款回收進(jìn)行。其中,以貸款資金來(lái)源、貸款資格對(duì)象審核與確定、貸款回收三個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素作為著重分析對(duì)象,試圖從中找出南非學(xué)生貸款成功的原因。最后,將南非國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃所取得的成果歸納為“獲益學(xué)生人數(shù)的不斷增加”、“對(duì)高等教育入學(xué)產(chǎn)生積極影響”、“促進(jìn)大學(xué)生社會(huì)構(gòu)成多樣性”三點(diǎn)�？偨Y(jié)出國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃實(shí)施過(guò)程中“穩(wěn)定的資金來(lái)源保障了貸款的延續(xù)性”、“有效的成本的控制與資金管理”、“明確的貸款對(duì)象利于貸款目標(biāo)的達(dá)成”、“有效的貸款回收”四點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本文也指出國(guó)家學(xué)生資助計(jì)劃面臨著“種族隔離殘留產(chǎn)生的另一種不公平”、“貸款發(fā)放形式與貸款人數(shù)的增加減少了學(xué)生貸款數(shù)額”、“學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)完成程度低不利于貸款回收”等不足。 基于以上分析,本文結(jié)合我國(guó)高校國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款問(wèn)題,得出結(jié)論南非學(xué)生貸款具有典型性,其成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)主要體現(xiàn)在政府的資金與有效法律支持、學(xué)生貸款資格確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合理制定、對(duì)貸款有效回收積極應(yīng)對(duì)三方面。
[Abstract]:In the process of popularization and privatization of higher education, many countries are facing the problem of financial shortage. Many countries try to change the dilemma through the financial reform of higher education. As an effective financing method, student loans are accepted and practiced by many countries. Because the social credit system is not perfect and the capital is relatively scarce in developing countries, student loans are more difficult than those in developed countries. As a developing country, South Africa has been successful in implementing national student aid programs. This paper attempts to explore the reasons for its effective implementation. Starting from the historical, social, economic and other factors closely related to higher education, this paper discusses the external background of promoting the implementation of student loans in South Africa and the situation faced by higher education. It is concluded that the racial system in the history of South Africa caused the dualistic structure of South African society and higher education, and the gap between the rich and the poor between the black and the white in South Africa is serious, and the contradiction between the high unemployment rate and the lack of highly skilled personnel shows the development of higher education in South Africa. The need to implement student loans. At the same time, this paper analyzes the reasons why they support the student loan from the stakeholders of the student loan project: colleges and universities support student loans because of the reduction of financial funds, seeking for new sources of funds; Student loans also offer hope to students beset by high tuition fees; the government aims to promote equity in higher education through student loan programs. In the second part of this paper, the development and organizational structure of the student loan program in South Africa are reviewed, and it is clear that the student loan program, the National Student Assistance Scheme, has evolved from the original tertiary education fund in South Africa. It is managed by the board of directors and 7 committees. On this basis, in the third part of the article selected seven loan elements of the South African National Student Financial Assistance Scheme to comb and analyze, including the source of loan funds, loan qualification object audit and determination, loan quota, loan issuance, loan interest rate. Loan and scholarship conversion, loan recovery. In order to find out the reasons for the success of student loan in South Africa, this paper focuses on three key elements: the source of loan funds, the examination and determination of loan qualification object, and the loan recovery. Finally, the results of the National Student support Scheme in South Africa are summed up as "increasing number of students benefiting", "positive impact on higher education enrolment" and "promoting diversity of university students' social composition". It is concluded that in the process of implementing the National Student Financial Assistance Scheme, "stable sources of funds ensure the continuity of loans", "effective cost control and fund management", "clear loan targets are conducive to the achievement of loan objectives", "effective loan recovery" four points of experience. The paper also points out that the National Student Financial Assistance Program faces "another kind of inequality resulting from the legacy of apartheid" and that "the increase in loan forms and the number of loans has reduced the amount of student loans." The low degree of students' academic completion is not conducive to loan recovery and so on. Based on the above analysis, this paper combines the problem of national student loan in Chinese universities and draws the conclusion that the student loan in South Africa is typical, and its successful experience is mainly reflected in the government's funds and effective legal support. The standard of student loan qualification is set reasonably, and the three aspects of effective loan recovery are actively dealt with.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G649.4

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