本文選題：高校 + 貧困生　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國高等教育逐次經(jīng)歷“免費(fèi)——并軌——收費(fèi)”國家政策的洗禮,在這一自上而下的強(qiáng)制性變遷過程中,在歷史性因素、現(xiàn)實(shí)性因素和政策性因素多重合力作用下,高校貧困生問題日益凸顯。隨著高等教育規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大和學(xué)生數(shù)量的快速增長(zhǎng),高校貧困生群體規(guī)模越來越大。國家在不同時(shí)期采取相應(yīng)的幫助措施,力圖解決貧困生問題,構(gòu)筑了以“獎(jiǎng)、貸、助、補(bǔ)、免、勤”為主要內(nèi)容的貧困生資助體系,取得了顯著成效,但在貧困生認(rèn)定和資助工作中,仍存在不容忽視的問題。 隨著教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系日益緊密,教育越來越成為一個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要力量,教育問題也成為世界各國普遍關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題之一。處于大變革時(shí)期的中國,一系列改革的推進(jìn)所形成或帶來的問題影響了中國教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展,高校貧困生資助的問題越來越嚴(yán)重。如何健全中國的學(xué)生資助政策,確保貧困生接受高等教育的機(jī)會(huì),保障他們不因貧困而荒廢學(xué)業(yè),成為目前中國高等教育急需解決的重要問題。 國家法律和政策是影響學(xué)生資助體系的最重要的根本性因素。探索和分析高校貧困生資助體系的歷史演進(jìn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況,發(fā)現(xiàn)貧困生資助中的理論缺陷和實(shí)踐困境,結(jié)合國外成功的做法和實(shí)踐,提出改善貧困生資助的具體辦法：第一：既要構(gòu)建完備的大學(xué)生資助體系,又要保障公平資助理念實(shí)現(xiàn)；第二,實(shí)現(xiàn)貧困生資助的法制化,制定貧困生資助法規(guī),從根本上保障貧困生資助得到法律保障；第三,加強(qiáng)政府宣傳,營造努力幫助貧困生的氛圍；第四,構(gòu)建科學(xué)的可操作的貧困生認(rèn)定和資助工作辦法,實(shí)現(xiàn)資助的公平、公開、公正和透明。 高校貧困生問題是伴隨我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和高校體制改革而出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)突出的社會(huì)問題。要建立切實(shí)有效的貧困生資助體系,就需要對(duì)高校貧困生資助體系進(jìn)行改革和創(chuàng)新,探究其中問題,并提出可行的解決辦法,不斷增強(qiáng)貧困生資助工作的針對(duì)性和時(shí)效性。 現(xiàn)行高校貧困生認(rèn)定工作中存在的主要問題有：認(rèn)定責(zé)任主體不清,認(rèn)定方法和技術(shù)單一,認(rèn)定辦法抽象、可操作性差,認(rèn)定材料失真、誠信缺失,認(rèn)定方法效度和信度有待提高,申請(qǐng)隨意、認(rèn)定無序。 通過問題分析,結(jié)合國外貧困生認(rèn)定辦法和自身工作實(shí)踐,本文提出了綜合立體認(rèn)定的思想,構(gòu)建了高校貧困生綜合立體評(píng)價(jià)認(rèn)定指標(biāo)體系理論模型,提煉出了一個(gè)兼具科學(xué)性和可操作性的高校貧困生認(rèn)定的可操作模式。 現(xiàn)行高校貧困生資助工作中存在的主要問題有：助學(xué)貸款主體作用不強(qiáng),與助學(xué)資助體系發(fā)展思路相悖；以(助學(xué)金)無償資助方式為主體,陷入“免費(fèi)教育午餐”的誤區(qū)；獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金資助功能不足,激勵(lì)作用有待增強(qiáng)；勤工助學(xué)資金欠缺,崗位有限,育人機(jī)制匱乏；社會(huì)資助發(fā)展滯后。 要解決現(xiàn)行資助工作中的問題,需要順應(yīng)國際助學(xué)發(fā)展方向,在資助理念、資助體系和資助方式上不斷變革和調(diào)整。理念層面,要深化成本分擔(dān)和補(bǔ)償理論認(rèn)識(shí),樹立公平優(yōu)先的資助理念；順應(yīng)國際資助發(fā)展趨勢(shì),契合國家教育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,確立有償資助理念。資助體系層面,構(gòu)建以助學(xué)貸款為主體,獎(jiǎng)、助、補(bǔ)、減、免、勤并重的多元助學(xué)資助體系。資助方式層面,建立以“有償資助”為主體,“無償資助”為補(bǔ)充的資助方式；構(gòu)建權(quán)利義務(wù)基本對(duì)等的貧困生資助方式；堅(jiān)持資助與育人結(jié)合,合力推進(jìn)助學(xué)育人。
[Abstract]:China's higher education has gone through the baptism of "free - in - orbit - charging" national policy. In the course of this top-down compulsory change, the problem of poor students in Colleges and universities has become increasingly prominent under the role of historical, realistic and policy factors. With the expansion of higher education and the rapid development of students, the number of students in higher education is becoming more and more rapid. In different periods, the state has taken corresponding help measures in different periods to solve the problem of poor students, and has made significant achievements in the poor students' financing system, which is the main content of "prize, loan, help, supplement, exemption and diligence". However, there are still some problems that can not be ignored in the work of identifying and supporting the poor students. Question.
With the increasingly close relationship between education and economic development, education has become an important force in the development of a society. Education has become one of the focus of the world. In the period of great change, the development of a series of reforms has influenced the development of Chinese education and the poverty of colleges and universities. The problem of financial aid is becoming more and more serious. How to improve the student subsidy policy in China, to ensure the poor students to accept the opportunity of higher education, and to ensure that they do not waste their studies because of poverty has become an important problem in China's higher education.
The national law and policy are the most important and fundamental factors affecting the student funding system. To explore and analyze the historical evolution and actual situation of the financial aid system for poor students in Colleges and universities, to find out the theoretical and practical difficulties in the aid of the poor students, and to put forward some specific ways to improve the aid of the poor students with the successful practice and practice of foreign countries. First: We should not only build a complete system of university student funding, but also guarantee the realization of the concept of fair funding; second, to realize the legalization of the financial aid of the poor students and to make the subsidy laws and regulations for the poor students to guarantee the legal guarantee for the aid of the poor students; third, to strengthen the propaganda of the government and to create an atmosphere for helping the poor students; and fourth, to build scientific workability. The way to identify and subsidize poor students is to achieve fairness, openness, fairness and transparency.
The problem of poor students in Colleges and universities is a prominent social problem which is accompanied by the reform of the economic system and the reform of the institutions of higher learning. In order to establish a practical and effective financial aid system for poor students, it is necessary to reform and innovate the aid system for the poor students in colleges and universities, and to explore the feasible solutions to improve the financial support for the poor students. The pertinence and timeliness of the work.
The main problems in the present work of identifying the poor students in Colleges and universities are that the main body of the cognizance is not clear, the method and technology of identification are unitary, the method of cognizance is abstract, the operability is poor, the material is distorted, the credibility is missing, the validity and reliability of the identification method need to be improved, and the application is arbitrary and disorderly.
Through the analysis of the problems, combining with the methods of identifying the poor students and the practice of their own work, this paper puts forward the idea of comprehensive stereoscopic identification, and constructs a theoretical model of the comprehensive stereoscopic evaluation index system for the poor students in Colleges and universities, and extracts a feasible and operational model for the identification of poor students in Colleges and universities with both scientific and operability.
The main problems in the current financial aid work of the poor students in Colleges and universities are: the main role of the student loans is not strong, and it is contrary to the development of the aid system. Limited jobs, lack of education mechanism and lagging behind social support.
In order to solve the problems in the current financial support work, it is necessary to conform to the development direction of international students, change and adjust the financing concept, the financing system and the way of financing. On the conceptual level, we should deepen the understanding of the theory of cost sharing and compensation, set up a fair and preferential subsidy concept, conform to the trend of international financing and fit for the national education development strategy, To establish the assistance system level, to build a multi student aid system with student loans as the main body, award, help, supplement, subtraction, exemption, and diligence. The combination of helping and educating people to promote the education and educating people.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G649.2

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本文編號(hào)：1859639