本文選題：農(nóng)村籍大學(xué)生　切入點(diǎn)：城鎮(zhèn)籍大學(xué)生　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生在我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)影響下,相對(duì)于城鎮(zhèn)戶籍大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),在就業(yè)過(guò)程中面臨著更多的困難,制約著農(nóng)民階層向上社會(huì)流動(dòng),進(jìn)而加劇了我國(guó)社會(huì)階層差異狀況。因此,如何保障農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)的公平性、縮小城鄉(xiāng)大學(xué)生在就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、就業(yè)過(guò)程和就業(yè)結(jié)果上的差距意義重大,是當(dāng)前亟待應(yīng)對(duì)的一個(gè)重大課題。 根據(jù)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)農(nóng)村和城鎮(zhèn)戶籍大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)率、工資水平、職業(yè)類型和工作單位類型進(jìn)行了比較,得出農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)概率小,起薪水平低,職業(yè)類型和工作單位類型的層次低等就業(yè)問(wèn)題。本文從社會(huì)流動(dòng)理論的角度,以影響社會(huì)流動(dòng)的制度因素和非制度因素兩方面為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生的就業(yè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了探討,分析農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論是就業(yè)結(jié)果還是就業(yè)質(zhì)量,農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)在整體上都受制于我國(guó)當(dāng)前的二元戶籍制度以及由此衍生出的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上的戶籍歧視,計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代留下來(lái)的一些制度性障礙如戶籍制度、就業(yè)制度、人事制度、社會(huì)保障制度等仍在阻礙著他們向上流動(dòng)以獲得更高的社會(huì)地位。非制度因素方面,經(jīng)理論分析和實(shí)證分析,社會(huì)資本的質(zhì)量較差以及家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)資本薄弱導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)率低；起薪水平低主要?dú)w因于制度原因,與非制度因素?zé)o直接關(guān)聯(lián)；就業(yè)單位層次低的主要原因是父代職業(yè)類型不具優(yōu)勢(shì)和社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)就業(yè)的幫助力度不夠。 解決農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生向上社會(huì)流動(dòng)的途徑在于改革戶籍制度,消除戶籍歧視,實(shí)現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)力合理流動(dòng)；建立合理、科學(xué)的組織人事制度,削弱“人情關(guān)系”對(duì)就業(yè)的不合理干預(yù)；農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生保持人力資本優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)積極構(gòu)建自身社會(huì)資本。從農(nóng)村戶籍大學(xué)生的社會(huì)流動(dòng)狀態(tài)看出高等教育作為社會(huì)流動(dòng)的實(shí)質(zhì)性功能已經(jīng)大大下降,大學(xué)教育成為高校大學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)流動(dòng)的必要而非充分條件,其社會(huì)選擇功能呈現(xiàn)出明顯的地位再生產(chǎn)趨勢(shì),農(nóng)村大學(xué)生在社會(huì)流動(dòng)中向上流動(dòng)的過(guò)程難度增大,進(jìn)而加劇了整個(gè)社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體的邊緣化。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of urban-rural dual structure, rural registered college students are facing more difficulties in the process of employment, which restricts the upward social mobility of the peasant class. Therefore, how to guarantee the fairness of employment of rural registered college students and narrow the gap between urban and rural college students in employment opportunities, employment process and employment results is of great significance. Is an urgent need to deal with a major issue. According to the data of questionnaire, the employment rate, wage level, occupation type and work unit type of rural and urban registered university graduates are compared. It is concluded that the employment probability of rural registered college students is small, and the starting salary level is low. From the perspective of the theory of social mobility, this paper focuses on the institutional and non-institutional factors that affect social mobility. This paper probes into the employment results of rural registered college students and analyzes the causes of the employment problems of rural registered college students. It is found that the employment of rural registered college students is restricted by the current dual household registration system and the resulting discrimination in the employment market, no matter whether it is the result of employment or the quality of employment. Some institutional obstacles left over from the planned economy era, such as the household registration system, the employment system, the personnel system, the social security system, and so on, are still impeding their upward mobility in order to obtain a higher social status. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, the poor quality of social capital and the weak family economic capital lead to the low employment rate of rural registered college students, the low starting salary level is mainly attributed to the institutional reasons, and has no direct relationship with non-institutional factors. The main reasons for the low level of employment units are that the paternal occupational types do not have advantages and the social relations are not enough to help employment. The way to solve the employment problem of rural registered college students and realize the upward social mobility of rural registered college students lies in reforming the household registration system, eliminating the discrimination of household registration, realizing the rational flow of labor force, establishing a reasonable and scientific organization and personnel system, Weakening the unreasonable interference of "human relationship" in employment, maintaining the advantage of human capital of rural registered college students, At the same time, we should actively build our own social capital. From the social mobility of rural registered college students, we can see that higher education as a substantial function of social mobility has been greatly reduced. College education has become a necessary but not a sufficient condition for college students to realize social mobility, and its social choice function shows an obvious tendency of status reproduction, and the process of upward flow of rural college students in social mobility becomes more difficult. In turn, the marginalization of the whole social vulnerable groups has been aggravated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38

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