本文關鍵詞： 高校畢業(yè)生 多元主體參與 就業(yè)保障機制 績效測評　出處：《上海工程技術大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國高等教育實現(xiàn)由“精英教育”向“大眾教育”的轉(zhuǎn)變，人與人之間的教育機會日趨平等，人力資源開發(fā)水平得到了較高的提升。然而，高校畢業(yè)生規(guī)模的急劇膨脹與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對高學歷人才需求的增長緩慢形成對比，高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)市場在人才供給和市場需求關系上出現(xiàn)了總量性與結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，人力資本投資損失嚴重，高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難問題日益突出，這不僅造成了教育資源的巨大浪費和人才的流失，還對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生消極的影響。 本文以上海市為研究對象，以就業(yè)保障機制為研究內(nèi)容，對國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀以及相關理論進行梳理與評述，為本研究提供理論支撐。同時，把上海市高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)保障機制的研究放在高等教育大眾化的時代背景下，梳理我國高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)制度的三大歷史演進階段，并對上海市近五年的高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)政策進行簡要回顧，以此為研究提供背景依據(jù)。 通過相關文獻查閱、數(shù)據(jù)搜索和問卷調(diào)查，把握當前上海市高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的基本情況，并從學歷層次、專業(yè)類型、地區(qū)流向、行業(yè)分布、單位類型、就業(yè)形式和薪資待遇等角度歸納上海市高校畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)特點，在此基礎上揭示高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)中存在著供需總量矛盾仍然存在、供需結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾日益突出、未充分就業(yè)現(xiàn)象逐步凸顯、已就業(yè)畢業(yè)生的職業(yè)穩(wěn)定性不高、以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)的實施效果甚微等五大問題，為研究高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)保障機制的必要性提供現(xiàn)實依據(jù)。 基于政府、高校、用人單位和畢業(yè)生個人四方主體參與的視角，構(gòu)建高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)保障機制績效的測評指標體系，運用AHP層次分析法建立層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型，確定四者的影響權重依次為0.455、0.263、0.141、0.141，并同時求出15項三級指標的權重。在此基礎上引入模糊綜合評價方法對當前上海市高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)保障機制的績效進行綜合測評，根據(jù)最大隸屬度原則，得出綜合測評結(jié)果為“一般”。據(jù)此，結(jié)合調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)，，深入分析了政府在政策實施、公共服務、監(jiān)管職能和市場干預；高校在招生規(guī)劃、培養(yǎng)模式和指導服務；用人單位在公平招聘、擇人標準、用工規(guī)范和校企合作；畢業(yè)生在就業(yè)觀念、職業(yè)技能、專業(yè)知識和職業(yè)素質(zhì)等方面存在的成效與偏失。 最后，通過探索和借鑒國外在促進高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)中的具體措施，在結(jié)合當前實際的基礎上，從完善政府宏觀調(diào)控機制、創(chuàng)新高校教育指導機制、健全企業(yè)人才引進機制和優(yōu)化畢業(yè)生自我促成機制等四個層面探討上海市高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)保障機制的完善對策，以進一步發(fā)揮四大主體在促進高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)工作中的主導作用、引導作用、支撐作用和激勵作用，力圖構(gòu)建和完善一個基于政府、高校、用人單位和畢業(yè)生個人的長效聯(lián)動機制。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of higher education from "elite education" to "mass education" in China, the educational opportunities among people are becoming more and more equal, and the level of human resources development has been improved. The rapid expansion of the scale of college graduates is in contrast to the slow growth of the demand for highly educated talents by the economic development. The employment market for college graduates has produced a contradiction between the total quantity and the structure of the relationship between the supply of talents and the market demand. The loss of human capital investment is serious and the employment problem of college graduates is becoming more and more prominent which not only causes the huge waste of educational resources and the loss of talents but also has a negative impact on economic development and social stability. This article regards Shanghai as the research object, regards the employment security mechanism as the research content, combs and comments the domestic and foreign research present situation and the related theory, provides the theoretical support for this research at the same time, Under the background of the popularization of higher education, the research on the employment security mechanism of college graduates in Shanghai is put into the background, and the three historical evolution stages of employment system of college graduates in China are combed out. It also briefly reviews the employment policy of college graduates in Shanghai in recent five years, which provides the background for the research. Through the relevant literature review, data search and questionnaire survey, grasp the current basic situation of employment of college graduates in Shanghai, and from the educational level, professional type, regional direction, industry distribution, unit type, On the basis of analyzing the employment characteristics of college graduates in Shanghai from the angle of employment form and salary treatment, it is revealed that the contradiction between supply and demand still exists in the employment of college graduates, and the contradiction of supply and demand structure is becoming more and more prominent. The phenomenon of underemployment is gradually highlighted, the occupational stability of employed graduates is not high, and the implementation effect of employment driven by entrepreneurship is very little, which provides a realistic basis for the study of the necessity of employment security mechanism for college graduates. Based on the participation of the government, universities, employers and graduates, the evaluation index system of employment security mechanism performance of college graduates is constructed, and the hierarchical structure model is established by using AHP analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The influence weight of the four persons is determined to be 0.4550.263U 0.141g 0.141, and the weight of 15 third-level indexes is calculated. On the basis of this, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is introduced to evaluate the performance of the employment security mechanism of college graduates in Shanghai. According to the principle of maximum degree of membership, the comprehensive evaluation result is "general". Based on the survey data, this paper deeply analyzes the government's policy implementation, public service, regulatory function and market intervention. Training model and guiding service; employers in fair recruitment, selection criteria, employment norms and cooperation between schools and enterprises; graduates in the employment concept, vocational skills, professional knowledge and professional quality and other aspects of the effectiveness and bias. Finally, through exploring and drawing lessons from the concrete measures of foreign countries in promoting the employment of college graduates, on the basis of combining the current reality, from perfecting the government macro-control mechanism and innovating the guiding mechanism of university education, Perfect the enterprise talent introduction mechanism and optimize the self-promotion mechanism of graduates to explore the perfect countermeasures of the employment security mechanism of university graduates in Shanghai. In order to further exert the leading role, leading role, supporting role and incentive function of the four main bodies in promoting the employment of college graduates, the author tries to build and perfect a university based on the government, universities, colleges and universities, Unit of choose and employ persons and graduate individual long-term linkage mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：上海工程技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G647.38;F249.2

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