本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科學(xué)全書 教科書近代化 綜合創(chuàng)造　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 20世紀(jì)初，為了滿足改書院，興學(xué)堂，倡實(shí)學(xué)的需要，解決當(dāng)時(shí)教科書急缺的矛盾，初等教育的發(fā)展，不得不借用外國成書以資講習(xí)。但是西方教科書畢竟與中國文化異源，要根本發(fā)展中國的現(xiàn)代教育，必須有自己的教科書。 文明書局立足于當(dāng)時(shí)的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)，以“經(jīng)世致用”為中西文化融通的結(jié)合點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)作了中國近代第一套系統(tǒng)的小學(xué)教材一《蒙學(xué)科學(xué)全書》。它的誕生見證了中國教科書獨(dú)立成長和發(fā)展的歷程，同時(shí)它本身又是近代中國國家塑形和國民性塑造的重要力量，推動(dòng)著社會前進(jìn)的腳步。它誕生于壬寅癸卯學(xué)制推出之際，適應(yīng)了私塾——學(xué)堂并行的二元制教育的要求。彌補(bǔ)了成人教育和初等小學(xué)教育中教材缺乏的遺憾，可謂一場及時(shí)雨。 本論文通過對《科學(xué)全書》的研究，從一個(gè)側(cè)面了解當(dāng)時(shí)教科書的編寫狀況，從而反映教科書發(fā)展的近代化水平和發(fā)展道路。 全文共分五個(gè)部分： 第一部分：緒論。主要闡述了選題的總體認(rèn)識和宏觀把握，介紹了選題依據(jù)，相關(guān)研究評述和研究思路、方法。 第二部分：《科學(xué)全書》的誕生。從近代出版業(yè)的發(fā)展，文明書局的崛起，以及新式小學(xué)的發(fā)展和教科書內(nèi)在變革的需要這幾個(gè)因素出發(fā)，詳細(xì)分析了《科學(xué)全書》的出版條件。 第三部分考證分析了《科學(xué)全書》的種類及代表作�！犊茖W(xué)全書》共有28種，現(xiàn)將其分為五類，第一類體育衛(wèi)生，包含衛(wèi)生、體操、生理。第二類品德教育，包含經(jīng)訓(xùn)修身、初級修身、蒙學(xué)修身三種。第三類科技博物，，含筆算、心算、珠算、格致、礦物、天文、地質(zhì)、地文、動(dòng)物、植物、化學(xué)、中外地理、地圖等。第四類文法歷史，代表作有東西洋歷史、中國歷史、文法、毛筆和鉛筆字帖等。在內(nèi)容上，體育衛(wèi)生類強(qiáng)調(diào)了新民強(qiáng)國的時(shí)代精神；品德教育類，堅(jiān)持厚德載物的思想，保留了中國的傳統(tǒng)文化美德；科技博物類，堅(jiān)持開放性的觀點(diǎn)，引入自然科學(xué)的內(nèi)容和先進(jìn)的科學(xué)教法。文法歷史類，堅(jiān)持文以載道，宣傳救國救民的新理念，新精神。 第四部分揭示了《科學(xué)全書》在近代化發(fā)展過程中的先進(jìn)性因素。首先從學(xué)科設(shè)置，體例編排等物化層面上分析了它與傳統(tǒng)教科書的區(qū)別，明確了其科學(xué)化的特點(diǎn)。其次從價(jià)值選擇的角度，說明了要堅(jiān)持過渡性和開放性并重的原則，走民族化的發(fā)展道路。最后點(diǎn)出其民族化發(fā)展道路上的主體性和創(chuàng)造性，即從自發(fā)走向自覺，從物化層面、精神層面，最終走向制度的層面，將教科書的發(fā)展納入了法制化的軌道。 結(jié)論部分依據(jù)《科學(xué)全書》的性質(zhì)，從正反兩方面進(jìn)行分析和評價(jià)。肯定了它對初等教育發(fā)展的階梯作用，以及對中國教科書發(fā)展的塑性意義。 本論文的創(chuàng)新之處在于，立足于文化選擇的視野，第一次將《科學(xué)全書》作為近代化研究的主體，揭示了教科書演變發(fā)展的規(guī)律，即只有走適合民族化發(fā)展的“綜合創(chuàng)造”的道路，才是教科書在全球化大背景下得以興旺發(fā)展的必由之路。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of twentieth Century, in order to meet the needs of school change college, Xing, advocating practical knowledge, solve the contradiction that the textbook shortage, the development of elementary education, had to borrow foreign books for training. But after all China culture and Western textbooks is essential to the development of modern education of heterologous, Chinese, must have their own textbooks.
The civilization press based on the social reality at that time, the "practical" combination of Chinese and Western culture integration, created the first modern Chinese system primary school textbooks of elementary science. "It is the birth of the witness history textbook China independent growth and development, at the same time it is also the modern state and National Chinese shaping shaping the important force to promote social progress. It was launched on renyin Kuimao educational system on the occasion, to two yuan for private school education -- parallel requirements. Makes up for the lack of textbooks for adult education and elementary education in primary school that can be described as a timely rain.
Through studying the whole book of science, this paper understands the compilation situation of textbooks at that time, so as to reflect the modernization level and development road of textbook development.
The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is introduction. It mainly expounds the general understanding and macro grasp of the topic selection, introduces the basis of the topic, the related research review and research ideas and methods.
The second part: the birth of the book of science. Based on the development of modern publishing industry, the rise of civilization bookstores, the development of new primary schools and the need of internal transformation of textbooks, the publishing conditions of the book of science are analyzed in detail.
The third part analyzes the research category and science book < > >. < the science book a total of 28 species, we will be divided into five categories, the first category of sports and health, including health, gymnastics, physiology. Second kinds of moral education, including the training of primary school moral self-cultivation, cultivation, three kinds of third kinds of science and technology. The museum, including Bisuan, mental arithmetic, abacus, Gezhi, mineral, astronomy, geology, geological, chemical, animal, plant, and geography, maps and so on. Fourth kinds of grammar history, the representative of Western history, China history, grammar, brush and pencil etc., copybook on the sports health class emphasizes Xinmin strong spirit of the times; moral education, adhere to the social commitment thought, retained the traditional culture Chinese virtue; technology, adhere to the open view, the introduction of natural science content and advanced science teaching. Grammar history, insist on Saving Publicity Writings are for conveying truth.. The new idea, the new spirit.
The fourth part reveals the advanced nature of < Science > factors in the process of development in modern times. From the first subject setting, compiling system and physical level analysis of the differences between it and traditional textbooks, the characteristics of its scientific value. Secondly, from the selection point of view, that should adhere to both transitional and open the principle of the development road of nationalization. Finally points out its nationality on the road of the development of subjectivity and creativity, namely from spontaneity to consciousness, physical level, spirit level, and finally to the system level, the textbook development into the legal track.
The conclusion is based on the nature of the science book. It analyzes and evaluates two aspects from positive and negative aspects. It affirms its ladder effect on the development of primary education and its plastic meaning to the development of Chinese textbooks.
The innovation of this paper is based on the cultural choice of vision, will be the first < > as the subject of scientific modernization research, reveals the evolution of the rules of the development of the textbooks, and go for the development of nationalization "created" road only, it is the only way which must be passed to boom textbooks in the global context next.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：G529

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉斌;從體操到體育[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 朱麗;書籍出版與文化傳播[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

2 張佳茹;傳統(tǒng)蒙學(xué)教材對西藏當(dāng)代啟蒙教育的啟示[D];西藏大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1455919