本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入問題研究　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)村問題 義務(wù)教育 經(jīng)費(fèi)投入

【摘要】： 農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問題是當(dāng)代我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的突出問題，其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r將在很大程度上決定中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。農(nóng)村的發(fā)展和農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化靠提高農(nóng)民的素質(zhì)，而農(nóng)民素質(zhì)的提高要靠教育。發(fā)展農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育，是提高農(nóng)民文化素質(zhì)的主要手段，只有改革和發(fā)展農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育，提高農(nóng)村人口的素質(zhì)，提高整個(gè)中華民族素質(zhì)的目標(biāo)才有可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。近年來，農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育問題尤其是農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育問題已成為學(xué)者們關(guān)注和討論的焦點(diǎn)。國(guó)家把農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育作為中國(guó)教育改革和發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)，通過政策上的傾斜和資金上的投入對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育給予了高度的重視，使得農(nóng)村教育在農(nóng)村改革和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的帶動(dòng)下，獲得了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。 伴隨著政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變和財(cái)政體制改革的發(fā)展，，我國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育實(shí)行的“地方負(fù)責(zé)、分級(jí)管理、以縣為主”的管理體制也在逐步完善，國(guó)家也在逐步加大對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)義務(wù)教育的扶持力度。但是，農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入問題總是困擾著農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的發(fā)展，要保障農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的穩(wěn)定性、可持續(xù)性，是農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 全文除引言之外共分四個(gè)部分： 第一部分：農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入問題概述。闡述了公共品供給的一般理論，分析了義務(wù)教育的公共品屬性，進(jìn)而對(duì)我國(guó)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的一般理論知識(shí)作了較全面的介紹。最后介紹了國(guó)外的義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這無(wú)疑對(duì)完善我國(guó)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入有著重要的意義。 第二部分：我國(guó)義務(wù)教育投入發(fā)展歷程。從20世紀(jì)80年代義務(wù)教育法的頒布，稅費(fèi)改革，“一費(fèi)制”改革直到取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅，每一次改革都影響著我國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入。從“全民辦教育”到“國(guó)家辦教育”，從“以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為主”的財(cái)政投入體制到“以縣為主”投入體制的確立，我國(guó)的農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育財(cái)政體制在逐步完善，農(nóng)民也在政策的完善中逐步減輕自身的負(fù)擔(dān)，國(guó)家也在逐步加大對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入比例。但是，每一項(xiàng)政策的改革對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入都有著一定的影響。本文對(duì)國(guó)家義務(wù)教育財(cái)政體制的改革對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的影響做了詳細(xì)的概述。 第三部分：我國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入體制面臨的困境。國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足以及投入不均衡是我國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入體制面臨的兩個(gè)重大的問題。國(guó)家的總體教育投資過于向高等教育傾斜，義務(wù)教育投資比例相對(duì)偏低；國(guó)家對(duì)義務(wù)教育總投資中，教育事業(yè)經(jīng)費(fèi)與教育基本建設(shè)投資比例不協(xié)調(diào)，基建投資比例偏低：地方政府尤其是地方基層政府承擔(dān)著農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投資的主要責(zé)任，而中央、省級(jí)政府在農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的籌資中只占有少部分的份額。同時(shí)目前我國(guó)的義務(wù)教育還存在著投入不均衡的現(xiàn)象，主要表現(xiàn)為義務(wù)教育的投資存在著巨大的城鄉(xiāng)差異與地域差異。 第四部分：農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制改革。2005年12月，國(guó)務(wù)院頒布《關(guān)于深化農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制改革的通知》。中西部農(nóng)村地區(qū)實(shí)施學(xué)雜費(fèi)全免的義務(wù)教育。意味著以前的義務(wù)教育財(cái)政政策退出歷史舞臺(tái)，中央政府和省級(jí)政府成為農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入主體。本文對(duì)我省恩施州在2006年實(shí)施農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制的試點(diǎn)工作進(jìn)行調(diào)查，得出第一手資料，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制雖然給農(nóng)村中小學(xué)生帶來了實(shí)惠，但是在其他一些方面仍然有待進(jìn)一步完善。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處有兩點(diǎn)： 第一，本文以中國(guó)改革開放為背景，以中國(guó)教育改革、財(cái)政體制變革為依托，宏觀梳理了中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育投入的發(fā)展歷程，并對(duì)其中重要的五個(gè)發(fā)展階段進(jìn)行了較為深入的分析、研究。 第二，本文以個(gè)案分析的方式，通過實(shí)地調(diào)查，以第一手資料、數(shù)據(jù)展示中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制試點(diǎn)地區(qū)的具體運(yùn)行情況。既闡明這一改革的劃時(shí)代的意義，也找出其中有待進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)的地方，以期待中國(guó)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入機(jī)制更加合理、更加科學(xué)。
[Abstract]:The problems of agriculture , countryside and farmers are the outstanding problems of the economic and social development of our country . The development of the rural areas will depend to a great extent on the development process of China ' s modernization . The development of the countryside and the modernization of the countryside are the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . In recent years , the rural compulsory education is the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . With the transformation of government function and the development of financial system reform , the management system of rural compulsory education in our country is gradually perfected , and the state is gradually improving the support of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the problem of the investment of compulsory education in rural areas has always puzzled the development of compulsory education in rural areas , and it is urgent to guarantee the stability and sustainability of rural compulsory education . The full text is divided into four parts except the preface : The first part : The general theory of public goods supply , analyses the public goods attribute of compulsory education , and makes a comprehensive introduction to the general theoretical knowledge of compulsory education funds in China . Finally , it introduces the experience of the investment of compulsory education abroad , which is undoubtedly of great significance to improve the investment of compulsory education in our country . The second part : The development course of compulsory education in our country . From the promulgation of the compulsory education law in the 1980s , the reform of tax and fee , the reform of " one fee system " to the abolition of agricultural tax , every reform affects the investment of rural compulsory education in our country . From the " whole private education " to " state - run education " , the rural compulsory education financial system is gradually perfected . The reform of each policy has some influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the reform of the financial system of compulsory education in China has a certain influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . In the third part , the dilemma of the investment system of compulsory education in rural areas of our country is two major problems faced by China ' s rural compulsory education investment system . The country ' s general education investment is too inclined to the higher education , the proportion of compulsory education investment is relatively low , and the government of local government pays the primary responsibility for the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . The fourth part : The reform of the rural compulsory education fund safeguard mechanism . In December of 2005 , the State Council issued a circular on deepening the reform of the rural compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism . It means that the former compulsory education financial policy has withdrawn from the historical stage , the central government and the provincial government have become the main body of compulsory education in rural areas . The innovation of this article has two points : First , based on the reform of China ' s education and financial system reform , this article combs the development course of China ' s rural compulsory education investment , and makes a deeper analysis and research on the important five development stages . Secondly , in the way of case analysis , this paper shows the concrete operation of the pilot area of the rural compulsory education funds guarantee mechanism in China through field investigation . It not only explains the epoch - making significance of the reform , but also finds out the place to be further improved , so as to look forward to the more reasonable and more scientific input mechanism of China ' s rural compulsory education .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：G522.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 畢景剛;韓穎;;農(nóng)村學(xué)校生源“移民”問題及對(duì)策[J];教學(xué)與管理;2013年09期

2 韓穎;畢景剛;;教育均衡發(fā)展視閾下農(nóng)村學(xué)生遷移城市現(xiàn)象透視及對(duì)策[J];教育探索;2012年07期

本文編號(hào)：1416499