本文關鍵詞：初中生父母教養(yǎng)方式對心理韌性、自尊的影響研究　出處：《上海師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：初中生處于人生發(fā)展特殊時期,個性特點最為鮮明、自我意識蓬勃發(fā)展。他們一方面會因本能沖動帶來問題,另一方面會對面臨的新的社會要求和沖突而感到困擾和混亂。這一時期學生的自尊水平和應對外界壓力的能力尤為重要。本研究從與孩子聯(lián)系最為緊密的父母角度,去探討父母教養(yǎng)方式對初中生心理韌性、自尊的影響。本研究通過運用文獻查閱法、訪談法、問卷調查法、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計等方法修訂了我國《初中生父母教養(yǎng)方式量表》。以修訂好的《初中生父母教養(yǎng)方式量表》、《青少年心理韌性量表》(胡月琴,甘怡群,2008)《Rosenberg走尊量表》(RSES)為研究工具,共計926名初中生為被試,采用問卷調查法和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計法進行研究,得出以下結論： 1、父母教養(yǎng)方式中關心、過度保護、自主性三維度結構更符合我國初中生群體。在我國初中生被試群體的父母教養(yǎng)方式,較之其他國家冷漠/拒絕的成分較少。過度保護和自主性不是同一維度的兩極關系。根據(jù)自主性和關心維度的高低分將父母教養(yǎng)方式分為：關心自主型、關心—控制型、冷漠-自主型、冷漠—控制型. 2、經卡方檢驗,父母親四種類型,在不同年級、性別、家庭類型、是否獨生的初中生中,所占比例差異不顯著,同時也不受父母學歷影響。 3、父親不會囚為子女的性別而改變教養(yǎng)方式,但是會對非獨生子女表現(xiàn)出更多的保護;而母親不會因為子女性別和個數(shù)改變自己的教養(yǎng)方式。 4、父親學歷越高,對孩子的保護程度越高,而母親學歷對初中生過度保護方面差異不顯著。不同家庭類型和年級方面,父母過度保護差異均顯著。 5、獨生子有更高的自我評價和自我價值感。預備班學生自尊水平高于初一、初二學生。雙親家庭學生自尊水平高于喪親家庭學生。父親和母親學歷越高,孩子的自尊水平越低,尤其是母親的學歷.影響更大。 6、女生對逆境的辯證看法和樂觀態(tài)度更優(yōu)于男生,且遇到困難時女生有更多的人際關系可以獲取幫助或宣泄情緒。獨生子女對逆境的辯證看法和樂觀態(tài)度更優(yōu)于非獨生子女,且他們在困境中對情緒波動和悲觀的控制和調整更好。 7、關心—自主型的父親、關心—控制型的母親對孩子的自尊水平提高有很大的幫助,同時有利于提高孩子心理韌性水平,以便孩子更好地應對外界壓力和問題。冷漠—控制型的父母親最不利于孩子的自尊水平和心理韌性水平的提高。高自尊有利于初中生心理韌性的提高。 8、父母對孩子足夠的關心,有利于孩子自尊水平的提高,進而能夠提升孩子的心理韌性水平；父母對孩子過多的保護和期望,給予孩子較多的個人空間,不加以要求和約束,均容易使孩子形成較低水平的自尊,不利于孩子心理韌性水平的提高。
[Abstract]:Junior high school students in a special period of life development, the most distinctive personality characteristics, self-awareness of vigorous development. On the one hand, they will cause problems because of instinctive impulse. On the other hand, they are troubled and confused by the new social demands and conflicts they face. During this period, students' self-esteem level and ability to cope with external pressures are particularly important. Degree. To explore the influence of parental rearing style on mental resilience and self-esteem of junior high school students. Data statistics and other methods revised our country "Junior High School students' Parental rearing style scale", with the revised "Junior High School students' Parental rearing style scale", "Adolescent Psychological resilience scale" (Hu Yueqin, Gan Yi-qun). A total of 926 junior middle school students were included in the study. Questionnaires and data statistics were used to study the results. Draw the following conclusions: 1. In the parental rearing style, care, over-protection, autonomy three-dimensional structure is more in line with our junior high school students. In China, the parents of junior high school students in the group of parenting. Excessive protection and autonomy are not bipolar relations in the same dimension. According to the scores of autonomy and concern, parental rearing style is divided into care autonomy. Care-control, apathy-autonomy, apathy-control. 2. According to chi-square test, the proportion of parents in junior high school students with different grades, sex, family type and only birth was not significant, and it was not influenced by parents' education at the same time. 3. Fathers do not change their parenting style for the sake of their children's gender, but they show more protection for non-only children, while mothers do not change their parenting methods because of the gender and number of children. 4. The higher the education of father, the higher the degree of protection to children, but the difference of mother's education to junior high school students' over-protection is not significant, and the difference of parents' overprotection is significant in different family types and grades. 5. The only child has a higher sense of self-evaluation and self-worth. The self-esteem level of the students in the preparatory class is higher than that of the first and second grade students. The self-esteem level of the two-parent students is higher than that of the bereavement family students. The higher the education level of the father and mother is. The lower the child's self-esteem, especially the mother's degree, the greater the impact. 6. Female students' dialectical view and optimistic attitude towards adversity are better than boys'. The only child's dialectical view and optimistic attitude towards adversity is better than that of non-only child. And they have better control and adjustment to mood swings and pessimism in difficult times. 7. Caring-independent father and caring-controlling mother have great help to improve their children's self-esteem level, and at the same time, it is helpful to improve their children's psychological resilience. In order to better deal with the external pressure and problems, the indifferent and controlled parents are most harmful to the improvement of self-esteem and psychological resilience of the children. High self-esteem is conducive to the improvement of mental resilience of junior high school students. 8. Parents' concern for their children is beneficial to the improvement of their self-esteem, and then to the improvement of their children's psychological resilience. Parents' too much protection and expectation, giving their children more personal space, and not requiring and restricting, will easily make the children form lower self-esteem, which is not conducive to the improvement of children's psychological resilience.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B844.2

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