本文選題：明清時(shí)期 + 江南市鎮(zhèn)　； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：明清時(shí)期是民間教育的發(fā)展完善時(shí)期,尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、文風(fēng)鼎盛的江南市鎮(zhèn),其民間教育的發(fā)展更趨活躍。明清時(shí)期江南市鎮(zhèn)民間教育的發(fā)展與繁榮經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段。經(jīng)過元末戰(zhàn)火的洗禮,明初的民間教育還處于恢復(fù)期。明中葉以降,社會(huì)漸趨穩(wěn)定,市鎮(zhèn)商品經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展,文化氛圍日益濃厚,與此相對(duì)應(yīng),民間教育也開始蓬勃發(fā)展起來。到了清前期,江南市鎮(zhèn)民間教育日趨繁榮,呈現(xiàn)出縱深化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 江南市鎮(zhèn)的民間教育形式靈活多樣,適應(yīng)了各種不同層次學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)要求,單從施教主體和教學(xué)層次來看,大致可以分為塾學(xué)、家庭教育和書院三種類型。從教學(xué)層次上講,可以劃分為“小學(xué)層次”和“大學(xué)層次”兩個(gè)教育階段。在小學(xué)層次的教育中,對(duì)于道德禮儀教育的要求達(dá)到了一個(gè)前所未有的高度。大學(xué)層次的教育內(nèi)容一般包括道德情感教育和儒家經(jīng)義教育兩方面的內(nèi)容,以達(dá)到格物、致知、誠(chéng)意、正心,修身、齊家、治國(guó)、平天下的儒家經(jīng)旨。 隨著教育體系的構(gòu)建,江南市鎮(zhèn)民間教育思想也熠熠生輝,形成了富有時(shí)代氣息與地域特征的教育思想體系。在教育理念與價(jià)值取向上,奉行“讀書濟(jì)世”的教育目的,“先器識(shí)后文藝”的重德育思想,“立志為先”的培養(yǎng)觀念,“學(xué)者以治生為本”的人生教育。明清時(shí)期的江南市鎮(zhèn)教育者在教育實(shí)踐中,概括總結(jié)出了自己的教育經(jīng)驗(yàn),逐漸形成了一套行之有效的教學(xué)方法,其中最具引人注目的是“個(gè)別教學(xué),言傳身教”與“注重練習(xí),循序漸進(jìn)”的教學(xué)方法。這與官辦教育單一的集體教學(xué)形式有很大不同。民間教育的管理體制也呈現(xiàn)出更多的靈活性,以適應(yīng)各類學(xué)校的發(fā)展變化。 江南市鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)素有的讀書向?qū)W之風(fēng),這使教育受到整個(gè)社會(huì)的高度重視。在官學(xué)不舉的情況下,江南市鎮(zhèn)中民間教育的發(fā)展,填補(bǔ)了廣大基層社會(huì)對(duì)教育的廣泛需求,進(jìn)而提高了江南市鎮(zhèn)民眾的整體文化素質(zhì),這對(duì)于江南地區(qū)商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展來說無疑具有巨大推動(dòng)的作用。
[Abstract]:The period of Ming and Qing dynasties was the period of the development and perfection of folk education, especially in the town of Jiangnan, where the economy was developed and the style of writing was flourishing, the development of folk education became more active.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development and prosperity of folk education in the south of the Yangtze River experienced three stages.After the baptism of the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, folk education in the early Ming Dynasty was still in the recovery period.In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the society gradually became stable, the town commodity economy developed highly, and the cultural atmosphere became more and more strong. Accordingly, folk education began to flourish.In the early Qing Dynasty, town folk education in the south of the Yangtze River became more and more prosperous, showing a trend of development in depth.The folk education forms in Jiangnan Town are flexible and diverse, and adapt to the learning requirements of students at different levels. From the perspective of teaching subjects and teaching levels, they can be roughly divided into three types: private schools, family education and academies.From the teaching level, it can be divided into two stages: elementary level and university level.In primary education, the requirement of moral etiquette education has reached an unprecedented height.The content of education at university level generally includes moral and emotional education and Confucian classics education in order to achieve the Confucian scriptures of character, knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, family unity, governing the country and leveling the world.With the construction of the education system, the folk education thought of the southern town of the Yangtze River is also shining, forming the educational thought system which is full of the flavor of the times and the characteristics of the region.In terms of educational concept and value orientation, we should pursue the educational purpose of "reading and helping the world", the thought of emphasizing moral education after literature and art, the cultivation idea of "determined to be the first", and the life education of "the scholars take governing students as the basis".In the educational practice of Jiangnan town educators in the Ming and Qing dynasties, they summed up their own educational experience and gradually formed a set of effective teaching methods, the most striking of which was "individual teaching".The teaching method of "teach by words and deeds" and "pay attention to practice and step by step".This is very different from the single collective teaching form of state-run education.The management system of folk education also presents more flexibility to adapt to the development of various schools.The traditional style of study in Jiangnan town makes education highly valued by the whole society.In the absence of official education, the development of folk education in the town of Jiangnan has filled the extensive demand for education in the vast grass-roots society, thus improving the overall cultural quality of the people in the town of Jiangnan.This for the development of commodity economy in the south of the Yangtze River undoubtedly has a huge role in promoting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K248;G529

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