本文關(guān)鍵詞：浪漫目標激活對不同性別研究生科學(xué)參與意愿及創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力的影響　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：科學(xué)參與意愿表現(xiàn)為個體愿意參與到科學(xué)領(lǐng)域任務(wù)中的程度,而創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力是根據(jù)一定的目的和情景,運用已有知識或經(jīng)驗,在獨特地、新穎地、且有價值地(或恰當?shù)?提出并表達科學(xué)問題的過程中,表現(xiàn)出來的智能品質(zhì)或能力。研究者的科學(xué)參與意愿和創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力對于科學(xué)研究的質(zhì)量十分關(guān)鍵。而研究生作為科學(xué)研究工作者的重要組成部分,其科學(xué)參與意愿及創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題出能力理應(yīng)受到重視。同樣,研究生多處于青年階段,易于發(fā)展浪漫關(guān)系,激活浪漫目標。因此,浪漫目標激活條件下不同性別研究生的科學(xué)參與意愿和創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力值得研究。已有研究表明,浪漫目標激活條件可以激活個體的性別角色認同,并喚起內(nèi)隱性別-科學(xué)刻板印象,即男性適合從事科學(xué),而女性不適合從事科學(xué)的刻板印象。同時,同樣有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在問及個體的科學(xué)參與意愿時,男性將不受浪漫條件激活影響,而女性科學(xué)參與意愿將顯著下降。不同被試在面對刻板印象 根據(jù)已有研究,本研究選取242名被試并設(shè)計了3個實驗,并得出以下結(jié)論： 第一,男性傾向于具有更強的獨立性與社會支配性,他們傾向于采取指示性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式以影響環(huán)境,強調(diào)控制他人而避免被環(huán)境影響。因此,男性傾向于不受反應(yīng)社會期待的內(nèi)隱刻板印象影響。與此相反的是,女性傾向于表現(xiàn)出更新強的聯(lián)系性,更加注重環(huán)境線索及社會關(guān)系,在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式上更注重統(tǒng)合他人看法,且天生樂意并擅識別和理解環(huán)境線索和他人情緒,因此,女性的內(nèi)隱科學(xué)態(tài)度更傾向于受反應(yīng)社會期待的內(nèi)隱刻板印象影響。 第二,在科學(xué)參與意愿層面,不同領(lǐng)域的女性在面對浪漫目標激活喚起的內(nèi)隱刻板印象威脅時,其應(yīng)對策略具有顯著的領(lǐng)域差異。工作于科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女性,具有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)良好的長期目標,即便在浪漫目標激活條件下,與其他領(lǐng)域女性相比,女性研究者依然更有可能選擇刻板印象的抵御策略,以證明刻板印象并不適用與她們。即在刻板印象激活的條件下,共過于科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女性依然傾向于在刻板印象領(lǐng)域付出更大的努力,做出更好的表現(xiàn),提高科學(xué)參與意愿。而工作于非科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女性,在浪漫目標激活條件下,同樣將被喚起性別角色,激發(fā)內(nèi)隱性別刻板印象,但由于她們不具備在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)良好的長期目標,因而傾向于服從性別角色并遠離科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,表現(xiàn)為科學(xué)參與意愿在浪漫目標激活條件下顯著降低。 第三,在科學(xué)表現(xiàn)層面,不同領(lǐng)域的女性在面對浪漫目標激活喚起的內(nèi)隱刻板印象威脅時的應(yīng)對策略同樣具有顯著的領(lǐng)域差異。具體表現(xiàn)為工作于科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女性在浪漫目標激活條件下表現(xiàn)出更好的創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力；而工作于非科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女性在浪漫目標激活條件下表現(xiàn)出更差的創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)問題提出能力。
[Abstract]:The willingness to participate in science is the degree to which individuals are willing to participate in the tasks in the field of science, while the ability to put forward creative scientific questions is based on a certain purpose and situation, the use of existing knowledge or experience, in a unique, novel way. In the process of raising and expressing scientific questions in a valuable (or appropriate) manner. The intellectual quality or ability shown by researchers, the willingness of researchers to participate in science and the ability to ask creative scientific questions are crucial to the quality of scientific research. Graduate students are an important part of scientific research workers. Their willingness to participate in science and their ability to solve problems in creative science should be taken seriously. Similarly, most graduate students are in the youth stage, easy to develop romantic relationships and activate romantic goals. It is worth studying the willingness to participate in science and the ability to raise creative scientific questions of graduate students of different genders under the condition of romantic goal activation. It has been shown that the activation condition of romantic goal can activate the gender role identity of individual. It also evokes the stereotype of implicit sex-science, that is, men are fit for science, while women are not. At the same time, some studies have found that individuals are asked about their willingness to participate in science. Men will not be affected by the activation of romantic conditions, while women's willingness to participate in science will decline significantly. Different subjects will face stereotypes According to the previous studies, 242 subjects were selected and 3 experiments were designed, and the following conclusions were drawn: First, men tend to be more independent and socially dominant. They tend to take indicative leadership to influence the environment, emphasizing control over others and avoiding being influenced by the environment. Men tend not to be influenced by implicit stereotypes that respond to social expectations. On the contrary, women tend to show renewed strong connections and pay more attention to environmental cues and social relations. Leadership is more focused on integrating other people's views, and is naturally willing to identify and understand environmental cues and other people's emotions. Women's implicit scientific attitudes are more likely to be influenced by implicit stereotypes that respond to social expectations. Second, at the level of willingness to participate in science, when women in different fields face the threat of implicit stereotype aroused by the activation of romantic goals, their coping strategies are significantly different in the field of science. Have good long-term goals in the field of science, even under the condition of romantic goal activation, female researchers are still more likely to choose stereotyped strategies than women in other fields. In order to prove that stereotype does not apply to them, that is, under the condition that stereotype is activated, women who are too scientific still tend to make greater efforts and make better performance in the field of stereotype. Increasing the willingness to participate in science. Women who work in non-scientific fields will also be aroused gender roles and implicit gender stereotypes when romantic goals are activated. However, because they do not have the long-term goal of performing well in the field of science, they tend to take the role of gender and stay away from the field of science, which shows that the willingness to participate in science is significantly reduced under the condition of the activation of romantic goal. Third, in the level of scientific expression. The coping strategies of women in different fields in the face of the threat of implicit stereotype aroused by the activation of romantic goals also show significant differences in the domain. The specific manifestation is that women working in the field of science work under the condition of the activation of romantic goals. Demonstrate a better ability to present creative scientific questions; Women working in non-scientific fields showed poorer ability to raise creative scientific questions when romantic goals were activated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B844.2

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