本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代沙俄政府對猶教育政策的研究　出處：《黑龍江省社會科學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 沙俄政府 猶太人 教育政策

【摘要】：三次瓜分波蘭后,俄國成為世界上擁有猶太人數(shù)量最多的國家。沙俄政府面對數(shù)量龐大的猶太人,主要采取壓制和限制猶太人的政策,對猶太人的教育同樣也采取歧視政策。 19世紀前,猶太人仍然被隔離于俄國世俗教育之外,猶太人很少參與俄國的教育活動,這其中的原因主要在于：首先,由于猶太人對信仰《塔木德》的迷戀和對基督教的天然戒備,這些宗教因素致使猶太人過著自我封閉和自我隔絕的生活。其次,沙俄政府對猶太人基本上采取了壓制和限制教育政策,在這樣的背景下,猶太人在俄國的教育狀況差、教育水平不高。雖然亞歷山大二世時期,猶太人的教育水平有了較大的進步,對猶太人實施相對寬松的教育政策,并且正是這些教育政策改變了猶太人的精神面貌。猶太人廣泛的參加俄國教育,激發(fā)了猶太人的創(chuàng)造力,使他們對俄國的科學(xué)、藝術(shù)、思想、教育領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了極大的積極影響。但是隨著亞歷山大二世后期對猶教育政策的改變,猶太人對接受更多教育的幻想逐漸化為泡影。本文共分為三個章節(jié),主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章內(nèi)容主要回顧了俄國境內(nèi)猶太人的歷史狀況。俄國三次瓜分波蘭后,使大部分猶太人劃歸俄國境內(nèi),成為俄國沙皇統(tǒng)治下的臣民。俄國歷代沙皇雖然對猶太人采取不同的政策,但本質(zhì)上都是以反猶排猶為核心的。 第二章內(nèi)容主要論述近代沙俄政府對猶教育政策的發(fā)展變化。從1804年沙皇俄國第一次關(guān)注猶太教育問題一直到尼古拉一世政府創(chuàng)辦的國立猶太學(xué)校,這期間沙俄政府對猶太人采取了有限的教育政策,其教育的宗旨是為了消除《塔木德》對猶太人的影響,從而達到同化猶太人,最終實現(xiàn)政府限制、壓制、殘害猶太人的目的。由于實施上述教育政策導(dǎo)致教育實施的成果未能得到充分體現(xiàn),猶太學(xué)生的數(shù)量仍然是很少。 亞歷山大二世的繼位給俄國猶太人帶來生存的希望。受西方自由思想影響,亞歷山大二世對猶太人采取了相對開明的教育政策,使猶太人開始接受政府教育,走進國立猶太學(xué)校。但是亞歷山大二世后期,由于對猶太人主要采取反動的政策,導(dǎo)致教育政策發(fā)生傾斜,政府開始采取壓制、限制猶太人教育。同時闡述了亞歷山大三世時期對猶教育政策,即采取了限制猶太人教育的“入學(xué)百分比制”。論述在沙皇政府采取對猶太人集體迫害和全方位限制政策下,對猶教育政策的變化。 第三章主要對沙俄政府對猶太人的教育政策進行全面的評析。對沙俄政府對猶教育進行反思,并闡述沙俄政府對猶太人教育政策產(chǎn)生的影響。 全文共約42,000字左右
[Abstract]:The three partition of Poland, Russia has become the world's largest number of National Jewish. Russia government facing a large number of Jews, mainly taken to suppress and limit the Jewish policy for Jewish education also adopted a discriminatory policy.
Before nineteenth Century, the Jews are still isolated from the Russian Jewish secular education, rarely participate in Russian education activities, the reason mainly lies in: first, because the natural fascination with the Jewish faith "alert to Christianity and the Talmud", these religious factors causing Jews had a self enclosed life and self isolation. Secondly, the Russian government to suppress and limit the education policy of the Jews basically, in this context, the Jews in the Russian state of education, education level is not high. Although the age of Alexander II, the Jewish people's level of education has made great progress, the implementation of a relatively loose education policy to the Jews, and it is these education the policy changes of Jewish spirit. The Jews to participate in a wide range of Russian education, stimulate the creativity of the Jews, their Russian science, art, thought , which has the positive influence on the field of education. But with the changes in education policy of Alexander II and later, the Jews of fantasy more education gradually vanish like soap bubbles. The paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows:
The first chapter mainly reviews the history of Russian Jewish Russian. The three partition of Poland, make the most of the Jews into the territory of Russia, became Tsar of Russia under the rule of the people. Although the Russian tsars adopt different policies to the Jews, but the essence is to anti Semitic anti Semitism as the core.
The second chapter mainly discusses the development and change of modern Russia government of Judah education policy from 1804. The Russian Tsar first concern of Jewish education until Nicola the government founded the National Jewish school during this period, Russia government for Jews to take a limited educational policy, the purpose of education is to eliminate the influence of the Talmud < > the Jews, so as to achieve the assimilation of Jews, and ultimately government restrictions, repression, to harm Jews. Since the implementation of the education policy leads to the result of the implementation of education has not been fully reflected, the number of Jewish students are still very few.
Alexander II was brought hope of survival to the Russian Jews. The western free thought influence, Alexander S took a relatively liberal education policy to the Jews, the Jews began to accept the government's education into the National Jewish school. But Alexander II later, due to the main reactionary policy of the Jews, leading to education policy tilt, the government began to take suppression of Jewish education. At the same time limit describes the policy of Alexander III of Judah is taken to limit Jewish education, education enrollment percentage system. Discussed in the Tsarist government take on collective Jewish persecution and a full range of restrictive policies, changes in education policy. "
The third chapter mainly comprehensive comment on the Russia government education policy of the Jews. The Tsarist government to rethink the Jewish education, and expounds the influence of Russia government on Jewish education policy.
The full text is about 42000 words

【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江省社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K512;G551.2

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