本文關(guān)鍵詞：論義務(wù)教育均衡法律保障　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 義務(wù)教育均衡 政府責(zé)任 法律保障

【摘要】：改革開放以來，特別是黨的十三屆四中全會以來，我國教育事業(yè)得到了長足發(fā)展，取得了巨大成就。在人類社會邁向新世紀的歷史時刻，2001年1月1日，我國政府向世界莊嚴宣布：中國如期實現(xiàn)了基本普及九年義務(wù)教育和基本掃除青壯年文盲的戰(zhàn)略目標。1但是，由于長期以來政府教育經(jīng)費投入不足和公共教育政策價值取向偏差，地區(qū)之間、城鄉(xiāng)之間、不同學(xué)校之間教育發(fā)展差異顯著，尤其是義務(wù)教育不均衡的現(xiàn)象還大量存在，教育資源配置不均、結(jié)構(gòu)失衡、師資和教學(xué)質(zhì)量差距凸顯等一系列問題不斷涌現(xiàn)，嚴重影響了教育事業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展，并直接制約著教育的公平理想，損害了受教育者的平等權(quán)利，保障義務(wù)教育均衡成為我國教育行政研究領(lǐng)域的一個重大課題。 本文力求通過審視我國義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)，從義務(wù)教育不均衡現(xiàn)狀的梳理入手，就我國目前義務(wù)教育均衡保障問題作了初步的探究，并針對義務(wù)教育發(fā)展中存在的各種問題分析了導(dǎo)致這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因和由此所帶來的危害，揭示了教育經(jīng)費投入不足是義務(wù)教育不均衡的根源，并從憲法和義務(wù)教育法律規(guī)定上仔細分析了義務(wù)教育不均衡是對受教育者平等權(quán)的損害，強調(diào)了接受義務(wù)教育是公民的基本權(quán)利和義務(wù)，人人有權(quán)享受義務(wù)教育均等的機會并有權(quán)平等地獲得教育資源，還著重列舉了政府在義務(wù)教育中職責(zé)和義務(wù)的法律規(guī)定，表明了實現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育均衡是政府責(zé)任的觀點。其次，通過對世界各國推進義務(wù)教育均衡做法和機制的概括，總結(jié)了各國保障義務(wù)教育均衡的先進經(jīng)驗，剖析了我國政府對推進義務(wù)教育均衡的政策舉措和各種努力及探索。最后，針對義務(wù)教育不均衡的現(xiàn)狀，提出了完善義務(wù)教育財政投入機制、依法推進義務(wù)教育標準化學(xué)校建設(shè)和加強教育立法，加大教育行政執(zhí)法力度的法律保障措施，還大膽地提出了建立義務(wù)教育均衡司法保障制度的幾個設(shè)想，以求真正推進義務(wù)教育均衡，保障公民權(quán)益。 本文圍繞的主題是義務(wù)教育均衡的法律保障，在推進義務(wù)教育均衡化的進程中，只有通過法律這一正式制度的剛性約束，才能改變憑個人喜好和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)專斷從而導(dǎo)致教育政策執(zhí)行偏差的局面。 把義務(wù)教育均衡的責(zé)任歸結(jié)到政府，，提出政府應(yīng)該關(guān)注最低等和底層民眾的教育問題、教育經(jīng)費應(yīng)該更多投向農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟落后地區(qū)、義務(wù)教育教師應(yīng)該納入公務(wù)員管理由政府統(tǒng)一調(diào)配等是本文的亮點，但對于義務(wù)教育均衡法律保障路徑的設(shè)計還不夠大膽，理論部分的闡述也不夠透徹，這些不足之處有待在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中不斷加以深化和改進。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, especially since the fourth Plenary session of the 13 CPC Central Committee, China's education has made great progress and made great achievements. In the historical moment of the human society towards the new century, January 1st 2001. The Chinese Government solemnly declares to the world that China has achieved its strategic objective of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eradicating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people as scheduled. Due to the lack of government education funds and the deviation of value orientation of public education policy for a long time, there are significant differences in the development of education between regions, urban and rural areas, and between different schools. Especially the phenomenon of the imbalance of compulsory education also exists a large number of problems such as uneven allocation of educational resources imbalance of structure prominent gap between teachers and teaching quality and so on. It seriously affects the further development of education, directly restricts the ideal of education equity, and damages the equal rights of the educatees. Ensuring the balance of compulsory education has become an important subject in the field of educational administration research in China. This paper tries to examine the context of the development of compulsory education in China, starting with the status quo of the imbalance of compulsory education, and makes a preliminary exploration on the balanced guarantee of compulsory education in China. In the light of the problems existing in the development of compulsory education, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems and the harm caused by them, and reveals that the lack of investment in education funds is the root of the imbalance of compulsory education. And from the constitution and compulsory education legal provisions of the careful analysis of the imbalance of compulsory education is the damage to the equal rights of the educatees, emphasizing that compulsory education is the basic rights and obligations of citizens. Everyone has the right to equal access to compulsory education and equal access to educational resources, and also highlights the legal provisions on the responsibilities and obligations of the Government in compulsory education. It shows that it is the responsibility of the government to realize the balance of compulsory education. Secondly, through the summary of the practice and mechanism of promoting the balance of compulsory education in the world, this paper summarizes the advanced experiences of various countries in ensuring the balance of compulsory education. This paper analyzes the policy measures and various efforts and explorations of our government to promote the balance of compulsory education. Finally, aiming at the unbalanced situation of compulsory education, it proposes to improve the financial investment mechanism of compulsory education. In order to promote the construction of compulsory education standardization schools, strengthen educational legislation, strengthen the law guarantee measures of educational administrative law enforcement, and boldly put forward several tentative ideas of establishing a balanced judicial guarantee system for compulsory education. In order to really promote the balance of compulsory education and protect the rights and interests of citizens. The theme of this paper is the legal guarantee of compulsory education balance. In the process of promoting the equalization of compulsory education, only through the rigid constraints of the formal system of law. Ability to change by personal preferences and leadership arbitrary resulting in educational policy implementation bias. The responsibility of balancing compulsory education is attributed to the government, and the government should pay attention to the education of the lowest and bottom people, and the education funds should be directed more to the backward areas of rural economy. Compulsory education teachers should be included in the management of civil servants by the government unified deployment is the highlight of this article, but for compulsory education balanced legal protection path design is not bold enough, the theoretical part of the elaboration is not enough thorough. These deficiencies need to be deepened and improved in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G522.3

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