本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)公辦高等教育資源配置中的市場(chǎng)與政府職能，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

中國(guó)公辦高等教育資源配置中的市場(chǎng)與政府職能

中國(guó)公辦高等教育資源配置中的市場(chǎng)與政府職能

盡管我國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，但是在許多方面還沒(méi)有擺脫計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的運(yùn)行與管理模式，這使得高等教育發(fā)展面臨困境。計(jì)劃配置高等教育資源的低效率已成為制約高等教育發(fā)展的重要因素之一。在社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)這一大環(huán)境下，如何高效、合理地配置社會(huì)提供給高等教育的資源，成為一個(gè)亟待解決的不足。 高等教育產(chǎn)品既不屬于“公共產(chǎn)品”，也不屬于“私人產(chǎn)品”，而是介于這兩者間的“準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品”，一方面居民對(duì)高等教育的消費(fèi)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，而且在供給上易于排除，具有“私人產(chǎn)品”的特點(diǎn)，但另一方面教育提供的服務(wù)明顯具有正的外部性，除受教育者受益外，社會(huì)也可獲益，又具有“公共產(chǎn)品”的特點(diǎn)。作為“私人產(chǎn)品”，市場(chǎng)可以有效提供，其供求與資源配置可以由市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)。而作為“公共產(chǎn)品”，市場(chǎng)不能有效提供，其供求與市場(chǎng)配置不能由市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)，需要政府通過(guò)計(jì)劃調(diào)節(jié)。作為“準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品”的高等教育，由于它兼有兩種產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)，因而需要由政府和市場(chǎng)共同提供，其資源配置需要由政府和市場(chǎng)共同來(lái)完成。 高等教育資源的配置中引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，這是高等教育產(chǎn)品的性質(zhì)決定的，也是高等教育發(fā)展的必定要求，同時(shí)，高等教育資源市場(chǎng)配置也是公共管理革新的必定方向。傳統(tǒng)單獨(dú)的計(jì)劃模式已不能高效、優(yōu)化配置高等教育資源，如何轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，樹(shù)立嶄新的高等教育機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育資源的優(yōu)化配置，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育跨越式的發(fā)展，是擺在我們從事公共管理研究者面前的一個(gè)深刻不足。西方的新公共管理思想給了我們很多的啟發(fā)，，實(shí)行市場(chǎng)化革新，引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制已成為高等教育革新的必定選擇。計(jì)劃不是萬(wàn)能的，正如市場(chǎng)不是萬(wàn)能的一樣，我們必須引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，加大政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變，克服計(jì)劃在高等教育資源配置中的弊端，才能最大限度地發(fā)揮高等教育資源的作用。 在高等教育資源市場(chǎng)化配置中，一方面要完善和健全高等教育市場(chǎng)機(jī)制；建立健全人力資源市場(chǎng)，建立教師與高等學(xué)校之間平等的市場(chǎng)主體關(guān)系；建立與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)的高等教育辦學(xué)資金多碩博在線論文網(wǎng)機(jī)制；加快高等學(xué)校管理體制革新，繼續(xù)深化高校用人制度、校內(nèi)分配制度、后勤社會(huì)化革新。另一方面高等教育資源配置引進(jìn)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，關(guān)鍵是要理順市場(chǎng)、政府和學(xué)校三者之間的關(guān)系，合理確定各自的地位和作用，尤其是要恰當(dāng)定位政府的角色，配置政府的職能。通過(guò)建立系統(tǒng)的高等教育評(píng)估體系，加強(qiáng)績(jī)效評(píng)估，建立可行的激勵(lì)機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育資源的優(yōu)化配置。

【Abstract】 Although the higher education has progress in our country, it has not broke away from the modal of function and management under the planned economy systems, which made the higher education faces difficult position, the low efficiency on higher education resource by planned scheme has been the one of impotent factors which restrict the higher education development. Under environment of social marketing economy, it has been an question enquiring for soon solved that how to allocation the resource of higher education provide by society efficiently and reasonablyThe higher education goods neither "public goods", nor "private goods", it is a kind of "quasi-pubic goods" between this two, on one hand, residence consume on higher education has rivalries, it is also easier to exclude, it has the character of "private goods". On the other hand, the service by education obviously has right externalities, not only the education receiver’s benefited, but also the society. It has the character of "public goods". As "private goods", market could provide efficiently, and it’s supply and demand and resource can be regulated by market. But as "public goods", market could not provide efficiently, it’s supply and demand and resource can not be regulated by market, and it needs government by planned regulated .as "quasi-pubic goods", it has the characters of two goods, and it’s resource deposal need the government and markets accomplish together.The market system introduced to the allocation of higher education resource, which is determined by the nature of higher education goods, also the inevitable demand of higher education development; meanwhile, market allocation of higher education is also the inevitable direction of public management reform. Traditional and single planned striation can’t dispose higher education resource efficiently and fine, it is a deep question in front of our researchers on public management that how to change government function, establish new higher education system, realize the fine allocation of higher education resource, so that realize thespanning development of higher education. The newly western public management though gave us much enlightenment that carry out social reform and introduce market. Plan is not omnificent, just as market, we must introduce market system, increase the change of government function and overcome the abuse by market, so that we can exert the function of higher education resource to our greatest limit.In the market allocation of higher education resource, on one hand, it need perfect the marketing system of higher education. Establish labor recourse market. Set up the equal and marketing principal peal relations between the teachers and advanced schools, establish the multi system of capital fitting in with marketing economy, speed up the management system of advanced schools and continue to deepen labor using system, distributive form and logistic reform socializing in advance schools. On the other hand, the key point is to harmonistic the relations among market, government and school, confirm each position and function. In particular, to locate rightly the government’s role and change the government function. Through establish the systematic evaluating system of higher education, evaluate the achievement and efficacy and establish practical inspiring system, so that we could realize the efficient and fine allocation if higher education resource.

【關(guān)鍵詞】 :公辦高等教育； 資源配置； 市場(chǎng)； 政府職能；
【Key words】 Public higher education； Resource allocation； Market； Government’s function；

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