經(jīng)濟新常態(tài)下我國政府優(yōu)化大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-09 21:38
【摘要】：在全球化金融危機背景下,我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所面臨的外部風險日益顯著,在此背景下,黨中央對國內(nèi)外的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展趨勢迅速做出了準確判斷和深刻把握,并提出了適應(yīng)新常態(tài),引領(lǐng)新常態(tài)的基本理念。當前面臨的高成本、轉(zhuǎn)型壓力、人口紅利逐漸消失等問題,都對我國就業(yè)形勢產(chǎn)生著深刻的影響。本文根據(jù)美國經(jīng)濟學學者Arthur M.Okun提出的奧肯定律為理論基礎(chǔ):經(jīng)濟增長率與失業(yè)率呈負相關(guān),也就是經(jīng)濟增長率提高的同時失業(yè)率下降,就業(yè)人數(shù)增加;反之,經(jīng)濟增長率下降的同時失業(yè)率上升,就業(yè)人數(shù)減少。數(shù)據(jù)表明:我國2015年的高校畢業(yè)生總?cè)藬?shù)已經(jīng)達到749萬,較2014年增加22萬,大學生結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)等就業(yè)壓力持續(xù)加大。李克強總理多次強調(diào),經(jīng)濟增速放緩勢必將引起大學生就業(yè)難,所以要進一步促進大學生就業(yè)、創(chuàng)業(yè),首先要從優(yōu)化大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境開始。環(huán)境分為自然環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境兩個部分,本文根據(jù)環(huán)境的屬性,認為大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境隸屬于社會環(huán)境,再依據(jù)環(huán)境范圍的大小,以及影響大學生就業(yè)的各因素,將大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境構(gòu)成分為:經(jīng)濟環(huán)境、政策環(huán)境、就業(yè)市場環(huán)境和用人單位的觀念環(huán)境四個部分。經(jīng)濟環(huán)境在本文特別指2009年以來,經(jīng)濟新常態(tài)對大學生就業(yè)影響的總和;政策環(huán)境是指大學生就業(yè)中政策性影響因素總和;就業(yè)市場環(huán)境是指就業(yè)市場中影響大學生就業(yè)的因素總和;用人單位的觀念環(huán)境是指用人單位對大學生的選擇取向。根據(jù)中國經(jīng)濟“新常態(tài)”的背景、政策導(dǎo)向與長期增長目標,經(jīng)濟新常態(tài)的增長速度、增長方式、經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、要素配置等,都將對大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響,從而使就業(yè)崗位新增的數(shù)量不確定、大學生技術(shù)性失業(yè)將成為一個新常態(tài),鼓勵和支持大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)將是新常態(tài)下的就業(yè)常態(tài)。研究表明,我國當前大學生就業(yè)的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境中,新增就業(yè)崗位減少與結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)并存;國家政策方面,基層就業(yè)后續(xù)政策銜接不上、高校就業(yè)指導(dǎo)政策落實不力、供求匹配信息不通等;就業(yè)市場環(huán)境中,大學生就業(yè)競爭激烈、就業(yè)服務(wù)機制不健全;用人單位環(huán)境中,歧視與不公依然存在等。因此,本文將針對上述問題逐一分析原因,并找出對策。開拓大學生就業(yè)新渠道等政策的制訂刻不容緩、加強宏觀調(diào)控并大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、調(diào)整高等教育結(jié)構(gòu)并完善就業(yè)服務(wù)機制、落實反就業(yè)歧視法等措施,有利于營造良好的大學生就業(yè)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the global financial crisis, the external risks facing the economic development of our country are becoming more and more prominent. Under this background, the CPC Central Committee has made an accurate judgment and a profound grasp of the economic development trend at home and abroad, and has proposed to adapt to the new normal. The basic idea of leading the new normal. The current problems such as high cost, pressure of transition and gradual disappearance of demographic dividend have a profound impact on the employment situation of our country. This paper is based on the Okun's law put forward by American economist Arthur M.Okun: the economic growth rate is negatively correlated with the unemployment rate, that is, the unemployment rate decreases while the economic growth rate increases, and the number of employed people increases; Conversely, the economic growth rate drops at the same time the unemployment rate rises, the employment population reduces. The data show that the total number of college graduates in China has reached 7.49 million in 2015, an increase of 220000 compared with 2014, and the employment pressure such as structural unemployment of college students continues to increase. Premier Li Keqiang has repeatedly stressed that a slowdown in economic growth will inevitably cause employment difficulties for college students, so if we want to further promote the employment of college students and start their own businesses, we must first start by optimizing the employment environment for college students. The environment is divided into two parts: natural environment and social environment. According to the attributes of environment, this paper thinks that the employment environment of college students belongs to social environment, and then according to the size of the scope of the environment, as well as the factors that affect the employment of college students. The composition of college students' employment environment is divided into four parts: economic environment, policy environment, employment market environment and the concept environment of employers. The economic environment especially refers to the summation of the economic new normal influence on college students' employment since 2009, and the policy environment refers to the sum of the policy influencing factors in college students' employment. The employment market environment refers to the summation of the factors that affect the employment of college students in the employment market, and the concept environment of the employing unit refers to the choice orientation of the employer to the college students. According to the background of the "new normal" of China's economy, the policy orientation and long-term growth target, the growth rate, the mode of growth, the economic structure, and the allocation of elements of the new normal economy will all have an impact on the employment environment of college students. As a result, the number of new jobs is uncertain, the technical unemployment of college students will become a new normal, and encouraging and supporting college students to start a business will be the employment normal under the new normal. The research shows that in the current economic environment of college students' employment, the decrease of new jobs and structural unemployment coexist; In terms of national policies, the following policies of grass-roots employment are not linked up, the implementation of employment guidance policies in colleges and universities is weak, the matching information between supply and demand is impassable, and so on, in the employment market environment, the employment competition of college students is fierce, and the employment service mechanism is not perfect. In the environment of employer, discrimination and injustice still exist. Therefore, this article will aim at the above question one by one analyzes the reason, and finds out the countermeasure. It is urgent to formulate policies to open up new channels of employment for college students. Measures such as strengthening macro-control and vigorously developing the tertiary industry, adjusting the structure of higher education and perfecting the employment service mechanism, implementing the Anti-Employment Discrimination Law, etc. It is conducive to creating a good employment environment for college students.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G647.38
本文編號：2370070
[Abstract]:Under the background of the global financial crisis, the external risks facing the economic development of our country are becoming more and more prominent. Under this background, the CPC Central Committee has made an accurate judgment and a profound grasp of the economic development trend at home and abroad, and has proposed to adapt to the new normal. The basic idea of leading the new normal. The current problems such as high cost, pressure of transition and gradual disappearance of demographic dividend have a profound impact on the employment situation of our country. This paper is based on the Okun's law put forward by American economist Arthur M.Okun: the economic growth rate is negatively correlated with the unemployment rate, that is, the unemployment rate decreases while the economic growth rate increases, and the number of employed people increases; Conversely, the economic growth rate drops at the same time the unemployment rate rises, the employment population reduces. The data show that the total number of college graduates in China has reached 7.49 million in 2015, an increase of 220000 compared with 2014, and the employment pressure such as structural unemployment of college students continues to increase. Premier Li Keqiang has repeatedly stressed that a slowdown in economic growth will inevitably cause employment difficulties for college students, so if we want to further promote the employment of college students and start their own businesses, we must first start by optimizing the employment environment for college students. The environment is divided into two parts: natural environment and social environment. According to the attributes of environment, this paper thinks that the employment environment of college students belongs to social environment, and then according to the size of the scope of the environment, as well as the factors that affect the employment of college students. The composition of college students' employment environment is divided into four parts: economic environment, policy environment, employment market environment and the concept environment of employers. The economic environment especially refers to the summation of the economic new normal influence on college students' employment since 2009, and the policy environment refers to the sum of the policy influencing factors in college students' employment. The employment market environment refers to the summation of the factors that affect the employment of college students in the employment market, and the concept environment of the employing unit refers to the choice orientation of the employer to the college students. According to the background of the "new normal" of China's economy, the policy orientation and long-term growth target, the growth rate, the mode of growth, the economic structure, and the allocation of elements of the new normal economy will all have an impact on the employment environment of college students. As a result, the number of new jobs is uncertain, the technical unemployment of college students will become a new normal, and encouraging and supporting college students to start a business will be the employment normal under the new normal. The research shows that in the current economic environment of college students' employment, the decrease of new jobs and structural unemployment coexist; In terms of national policies, the following policies of grass-roots employment are not linked up, the implementation of employment guidance policies in colleges and universities is weak, the matching information between supply and demand is impassable, and so on, in the employment market environment, the employment competition of college students is fierce, and the employment service mechanism is not perfect. In the environment of employer, discrimination and injustice still exist. Therefore, this article will aim at the above question one by one analyzes the reason, and finds out the countermeasure. It is urgent to formulate policies to open up new channels of employment for college students. Measures such as strengthening macro-control and vigorously developing the tertiary industry, adjusting the structure of higher education and perfecting the employment service mechanism, implementing the Anti-Employment Discrimination Law, etc. It is conducive to creating a good employment environment for college students.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G647.38
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