【摘要】：美國(非盈利)私立大學是世界高等教育領域里的典范,美國私立大學之所以有如此地位,和它科學規(guī)范的治理模式是分不開的。大學的治理簡而言之就是指大學內外利益相關者處理學校重大事件決策的結構和過程,主要包括兩個方面:大學的外部治理和大學的內部治理。大學的外部治理的主體是聯(lián)邦政府、州政府、市場和社會等,其內部治理的主體是起橋梁作用,聯(lián)接大學與外部利益相關者的董事會、以校長為首的行政管理系統(tǒng)和掌握學術權利的教師群體。由此可見,董事會、校長和教授是美國私立大學治理三大要素,董事會法人制度保證了大學自治,校長保障了整個大學的正常運轉,教授治學體現(xiàn)了大學的學術自由。通過對這三大要素的研究,對我國民辦大學可以提出一些建設性的意見和對策。我國私立大學現(xiàn)階段存在的問題重要包括外部和內部兩個方面,外部指大環(huán)境,法律不健全和政府方面的支持力度薄弱等;內部主要包括四方面:第一,管理方面經(jīng)驗不足;第二,學校同質化嚴重,缺乏特色;第三,師資力量薄弱,教師的權益得不到保障;第四,聲譽不佳,競爭不公平。針對這些現(xiàn)象,通過對美國私立大學三個重要因素的研究,得出以下啟示。首先,要建立健全的法律體系,創(chuàng)造公平的競爭環(huán)境;其次,建立多元化的籌資渠道,同時加強政府的支持;再次,民辦大學要找準定位,形成核心競爭力;最后,要保障教師的合法權益,教師治學和校長治校相結合。
[Abstract]:Private universities in the United States (non-profit) are the models in the field of higher education in the world. The reason why American private universities have such a status is inseparable from its governing mode of scientific norms. In short, the governance of the university refers to the structure and process of the stakeholders dealing with the major events of the university, which mainly includes two aspects: the external governance of the university and the internal governance of the university. The main body of external governance of the university is the federal government, state government, market and society, etc. The main body of its internal governance acts as a bridge between the university and the board of directors of external stakeholders. The administrative management system headed by the principal and the group of teachers who have academic rights. It can be seen that the board of directors, presidents and professors are the three main elements of the governance of private universities in the United States. The legal person system of the board of directors guarantees the autonomy of the university, the president guarantees the normal operation of the whole university, and the academic freedom of the university is embodied by the professor of scholarship. Through the study of these three elements, we can put forward some constructive suggestions and countermeasures to the private universities in our country. The existing problems of private universities in China include external and internal aspects, including external environment, imperfect laws and weak support from the government, including four aspects: first, insufficient experience in management, and so on. Second, the school homogenization is serious, lack the characteristic; third, the teacher strength is weak, the teacher's rights and interests cannot be protected; fourth, the reputation is not good, the competition is not fair. In view of these phenomena, through the study of three important factors of American private universities, the following revelations are obtained. First, to establish a sound legal system to create a fair competition environment; second, to establish a diversified funding channels, while strengthening government support; third, private universities should find a correct positioning to form the core competitiveness; finally, To protect the legitimate rights and interests of teachers, teachers and principals school-management combination.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G647

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