本文選題：入學(xué)機(jī)會 + 財政經(jīng)費(fèi)��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：提升居民教育水平、推進(jìn)高等教育公平發(fā)展是社會、家庭和個人的共同目標(biāo)。自1999年中央制定并高校擴(kuò)招計(jì)劃實(shí)施以來,我國大學(xué)生數(shù)量持續(xù)走高。但與高等教育機(jī)會增加相矛盾的是高等教育的公平問題并沒有得到妥善改善,目前中國高等教育公平問題受到社會各界的關(guān)注。教育公平包括起點(diǎn)公平、過程公平和結(jié)果公平三層涵義。對應(yīng)這三層涵義,本文從高等教育入學(xué)機(jī)會、高等教育財政經(jīng)費(fèi)和高等教育收入回報三個視角揭示高等教育公平現(xiàn)狀。具體包括以下三個方面:第一、采用CFPS(2014)的微觀數(shù)據(jù),通過構(gòu)建Logit模型分析高等教育入學(xué)機(jī)會是否存在城鄉(xiāng)差異和區(qū)域差異,探討高等教育在入學(xué)機(jī)會方面的公平程度。戶籍信息和區(qū)域信息均能顯著影響個人接受高等教育的機(jī)會,農(nóng)村學(xué)生和西部地區(qū)的學(xué)生在高等教育的入學(xué)機(jī)會方面表現(xiàn)出明顯的劣勢。從入學(xué)機(jī)會的視角,高等教育在城鄉(xiāng)和區(qū)域上存在不公平現(xiàn)狀。第二、采用教育部數(shù)據(jù),對普通高校生均預(yù)算內(nèi)教育事業(yè)費(fèi)和公用費(fèi)進(jìn)行區(qū)域分析和省際分析。高等教育生均教育事業(yè)費(fèi)和公用費(fèi)呈現(xiàn)出“東西凸起中部塌陷”的現(xiàn)狀;高等教育生均公共財政預(yù)算事業(yè)費(fèi)和公用費(fèi)的省際基尼系數(shù)整體上呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,且自2012年起出現(xiàn)收斂的跡象。從財政經(jīng)費(fèi)的視角,目前我國高等教育生均經(jīng)費(fèi)在省際間維持在相對公平的狀態(tài)。第三、采用CFPS(2014)的微觀數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用傾向值匹配法研究高等教育的收入回報公平問題。在控制個體差異的基礎(chǔ)上,接受高等教育的個人收入遠(yuǎn)高于其不接受高等教育時的個人收入,長期收入回報隨著年齡的增長呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢;城鎮(zhèn)個體在大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后獲得的年均收入顯著高于農(nóng)村個體年均收入。從收入回報的視角,高等教育能夠增加受教育者的收入,但是高等教育收入回報在城鄉(xiāng)間存在顯著的差異和不公。高等教育公平是人們追求的永恒理念,為促進(jìn)我國高等教育公平發(fā)展,本文提出關(guān)注基礎(chǔ)教育、完善落實(shí)高校助學(xué)政策,優(yōu)化我國高等教育財政經(jīng)費(fèi)的區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)和省際結(jié)構(gòu),鼓勵適齡學(xué)生接受高等教育、就業(yè)制度向農(nóng)村弱勢群體適當(dāng)傾斜的政策建議。本文的研究成果對制定合理的教育補(bǔ)助規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)推進(jìn)高等教育公平發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)支持,具有理論意義和實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:It is the common goal of society, family and individual to improve the education level of residents and promote the fair development of higher education. Since 1999, the number of college students in our country has been on the rise. However, the problem of equity in higher education has not been properly improved, and the issue of fairness in higher education in China has been concerned by all walks of life. Education equity includes starting point equity, process fairness and result fairness. Corresponding to these three meanings, this paper reveals the present situation of higher education fairness from the perspectives of higher education entrance opportunity, higher education financial funds and higher education income return. It includes the following three aspects: firstly, by using the micro data of CFPS (2014), the logit model is constructed to analyze whether there are urban and rural differences and regional differences in the access opportunities of higher education, and to explore the fairness of higher education in terms of access opportunities. Household registration information and regional information can significantly affect individuals' access to higher education, while rural students and students in the western region have obvious disadvantages in terms of access to higher education. From the perspective of access opportunities, higher education in urban and rural areas and regional unfair situation. Secondly, using the data of Ministry of Education, the regional and provincial analysis of the average budget for education and public expenses of college students is carried out. The average cost of education and public expenses of higher education students present the present situation of "east and west rising and central collapse", and the inter-provincial Gini coefficient of the average public finance budget and public expenditure of higher education students is on the whole decreasing. And since 2012 there have been signs of convergence. From the perspective of financial expenditure, the average expenditure of higher education students in our country is maintained in a relatively fair state among provinces. Thirdly, using the microcosmic data of CFPS (2014), we use the tendency value matching method to study the problem of income return equity in higher education. On the basis of controlling individual differences, the personal income of higher education is much higher than that of non-higher education, and the long-term income return increases first and then decreases with the increase of age. The average income of urban individuals after college is significantly higher than that of rural individuals. From the perspective of income return, higher education can increase the income of the educated, but there are significant differences and injustices between urban and rural areas. The fairness of higher education is the eternal idea pursued by people. In order to promote the fair development of higher education in China, this paper puts forward to pay close attention to the basic education, perfect and implement the policy of aiding students in colleges and universities, optimize the regional structure and interprovincial structure of the financial funds for higher education in China. Policy recommendations on encouraging school-age students to pursue higher education and the employment system in favour of the rural vulnerable groups. The research results of this paper provide theoretical basis and data support for the establishment of reasonable educational subsidy scale and structure to promote the fair development of higher education, and have theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G649.2;F812.45

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 游小s，

本文編號：2071274