【摘要】： “什么”是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞的一個(gè)典型代表,除了可以出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中,還可以出現(xiàn)在非疑問(wèn)句中,其疑問(wèn)用法和非疑問(wèn)用法的語(yǔ)義都很有代表性,多位學(xué)者也對(duì)其進(jìn)行了大量研究。但是,對(duì)其在否定句中的語(yǔ)義卻缺少專門性的研究。 本文立足于國(guó)內(nèi)詞匯學(xué)、句法學(xué)等關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞的研究,采用當(dāng)代形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)的理論和方法,借鑒國(guó)外語(yǔ)言學(xué)對(duì)其他語(yǔ)言中疑問(wèn)代詞研究的最新成果,并且結(jié)合當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)流通語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中得出的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞“什么”在否定句中的語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的描寫和充分的分析。 本文主要包括以下內(nèi)容: 第一章,提出了本文所要討論的基本問(wèn)題,并且提出本文對(duì)“什么”在否定句中的語(yǔ)義研究主要集中于表達(dá)上有歧義的“沒(méi)/不+VP+什么+NP”結(jié)構(gòu)、和受“都、也”等副詞限定的“什么+NP+都/也+不/沒(méi)+VP”結(jié)構(gòu); 第二章,文獻(xiàn)綜述,回顧和總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞否定用法語(yǔ)義的相關(guān)研究成果,為后面的深入分析奠定了理論基礎(chǔ); 第三章,分析了現(xiàn)有的漢語(yǔ)理論中“任指”、“虛指”等說(shuō)法在解釋疑問(wèn)代詞否定用法語(yǔ)義上的局限性,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了“否定量化”這個(gè)全新概念和研究角度,認(rèn)為疑問(wèn)代詞本質(zhì)上隱含一個(gè)量化的概念,正是由于“什么”在量化上的不同導(dǎo)致了整個(gè)句子或結(jié)構(gòu)表示部分否定和完全否定的不同; 第四章,具體研究“沒(méi)/不+VP+什么+NP”結(jié)構(gòu)表示部分否定時(shí)的語(yǔ)義機(jī)制,指出整個(gè)句子表示部分否定時(shí)并非是通過(guò)直接否定疑問(wèn)代詞“什么”得到的,而是通過(guò)一種類似于否定敏感項(xiàng)(NPI:negative polarity items,或譯作否定極項(xiàng))的語(yǔ)義和否定不對(duì)稱性機(jī)制得來(lái)的;為了更好的進(jìn)行分析,本文還引入了否定敏感項(xiàng)的相關(guān)語(yǔ)義研究。 第五章具體分析了“沒(méi)/不+VP+什么+NP”結(jié)構(gòu)表示完全否定時(shí),“什么”實(shí)際上做疑問(wèn)解語(yǔ)義解釋,等同于全部量化,通過(guò)否定“什么”,直接達(dá)到了使整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或句子表示完全否定的語(yǔ)義效果,并且借助“可能世界”理論進(jìn)行了深入分析; 第六章承接上一章的研究思路,對(duì)“什么+NP+都/也+不/沒(méi)+VP”結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)義,尤其是“什么”與表示周遍性的副詞“都”和“也”之間的相互作用進(jìn)行了討論; 第七章是總結(jié)和余論,在對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們嘗試把“什么”的研究結(jié)果擴(kuò)展到“誰(shuí)”、“哪”等其他疑問(wèn)代詞上,并提出了今后進(jìn)一步深入研究的方向。 本文的研究意義在于: 1.有助于加強(qiáng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞語(yǔ)義的理性認(rèn)識(shí); 2.為中文信息處理等相關(guān)應(yīng)用的提供了理論支持; 3.為對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué),尤其是疑問(wèn)代詞的語(yǔ)義、用法等方面提供了理論幫助; 4.為語(yǔ)言類型學(xué),尤其是跨語(yǔ)言疑問(wèn)代詞語(yǔ)義的共性研究提供了參考。
[Abstract]:"what" is a typical representative of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, not only in interrogative sentences, but also in non-interrogative sentences. The semantics of interrogative usages and non-interrogative usages are very representative. Many scholars have also done a lot of research on it. However, there is a lack of specific research on its semantics in negative sentences. Based on the researches on interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese such as lexicology and syntax, this paper adopts the theories and methods of contemporary formal semantics and draws lessons from the latest achievements of foreign linguistics in the study of interrogative pronouns in other languages. Combined with the relevant data obtained from the contemporary Chinese circulation corpus, the semantics of the interrogative pronoun "what" in the negative sentence in modern Chinese is described and fully analyzed. This paper mainly includes the following contents: in the first chapter, the basic problems discussed in this paper are put forward. And it is proposed that the semantic study of "what" in the negative sentence is mainly focused on the "no / no VP what NP" structure which is ambiguous in expression, The second chapter, literature review, reviews and summarizes the relevant research results on the negative semantic usage of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, both at home and abroad. The third chapter analyzes the limitations of the existing Chinese theories such as "any finger" and "virtual reference" in explaining the semantic meaning of negative usage of interrogative pronouns. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the new concept of "negative quantification" and its research angle, and holds that interrogative pronouns imply a quantized concept in essence. It is because of the quantitative differences in "what" that the whole sentence or structure indicates partial negation and total negation. This paper specifically studies the semantic mechanism of "no / no VP what NP" structure when expressing partial negation, and points out that the whole sentence is not obtained by directly negating the interrogative pronoun "what". It is obtained by a kind of semantic and negative asymmetry mechanism similar to the negative sensitive term (NPI:negative polarity items,). In order to better analyze, this paper also introduces the semantic research of the negative sensitive term. The fifth chapter concretely analyzes that when the structure of "no / no VP what NP" expresses complete negation, "what" actually makes the semantic explanation of doubt solution equivalent to all quantization, and by negating "what", It directly achieves the semantic effect that makes the whole structure or sentence express the total negation, and carries on the thorough analysis with the help of the "possible world" theory. This paper discusses the semantics of "any NP all / no / no VP" structure, especially the interaction between "what" and the adverbs "du" and "Ye", which denote the universality of the cycle. On the basis of summing up the whole paper, we try to extend the research results of "what" to other interrogative pronouns such as "who" and "which", and put forward the direction of further research in the future. The significance of this paper lies in: 1. It is helpful to strengthen the rational understanding of the semantics of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese. It provides theoretical support for Chinese information processing and other related applications. 3. It provides theoretical help for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially the semantics and usage of interrogative pronouns. 4. It provides a reference for the study of linguistic typology, especially the generality of cross-language interrogative pronoun semantics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：H146

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王志英;;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的隱性否定功能——以“能+不+VP”構(gòu)式為例[J];漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí);2013年05期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 武宏琛;;現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞非疑問(wèn)用法研究述評(píng)[A];第五屆北京地區(qū)對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究生學(xué)術(shù)論壇論文集[C];2012年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王志英;現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)特殊否定現(xiàn)象認(rèn)知研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 黎立夏;“哪”系疑問(wèn)代詞的非疑問(wèn)用法研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2011年

2 于迪;“什么”的多角度分析[D];延邊大學(xué);2010年

3 馬林;《桃花扇》代詞研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2011年

4 陳紅;疑問(wèn)代詞“哪里”的分類及其非疑問(wèn)用法[D];渤海大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2221196