現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 18:22
【摘要】： 現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞是從意義的角度劃分出來的名詞小類,指的是表示人的名詞,其特點是具有“+[人]”的語義特征。本文立足詞匯學(xué)和詞匯語義學(xué),結(jié)合社會、認知因素來探討現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞指人的途徑和方法,并研究現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞在詞匯系統(tǒng)中的組織狀態(tài)、發(fā)展和運用情況,是對現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞動態(tài)和靜態(tài)相結(jié)合、描寫和應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的研究。 現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞是漢語有生名詞研究的重點。本文的研究既可以進一步完善現(xiàn)代漢語有生名詞的研究,也對辭書編纂過程中相關(guān)詞條的處理和對外漢語教學(xué)中的指人名詞教學(xué)具有借鑒意義。 本文共分七章。第一章為緒論;第二章研究漢語指人名詞的產(chǎn)生途徑;第三章研究指人名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義;第四章研究指人名詞的詞匯類聚,第五章研究指人名詞的共時動態(tài)運動,第六章研究指人名詞的運用。第七章是本文的結(jié)語部分。 在第一章緒論中,確定了本文的研究對象,與稱謂語、稱呼語、人名和綽號等相關(guān)概念進行了區(qū)分,對以往的相關(guān)研究從語法學(xué)研究、詞匯學(xué)研究和社會語言學(xué)研究三方面進行了綜述,并對本文的研究方法、研究意義等進行了說明。 第二章首先根據(jù)指稱對象的不同,把現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞分為三類:親屬類指人名詞表示人與人之間的親屬關(guān)系,社會類指人名詞表明人與人之間的社會關(guān)系,認知類指人名詞則是從認知的角度揭示人對他人的種種看法。然后從社會、認知和語言三個方面闡述指人名詞產(chǎn)生的原因和途徑。現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的產(chǎn)生,與社會交際的需要和人的思維規(guī)律密不可分,同時也是語言因素作用的結(jié)果。社會制度的變遷、社會生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展、社會生活的變化、社會觀念的更新、社會心理的轉(zhuǎn)變和中外文化的傳播都為現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的產(chǎn)生提供了充足的社會條件�，F(xiàn)代認知科學(xué)表明,人類思維的概念化與范疇化,人類思維的隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻、轉(zhuǎn)指等思維方式,都在現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的產(chǎn)生過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。語言規(guī)律則決定了指人名詞在語言中的最終形式。 第三章是對指人名詞結(jié)構(gòu)和意義的研究。首先從是否包含指人詞素的角度入手,區(qū)分了為包含指人詞素的和不含指人詞素的兩種情況。包含指人詞素的指人名詞,一般把指人詞素作為核心詞素,其他詞素作為特征詞素,特征詞素義和核心詞素義通過各種組合方式來揭示現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的意義。但特征詞素義不等于詞義,詞義還需要通過特征詞素義去進一步揭示。不包含指人詞素的指人名詞,沒有核心詞素,是通過特征詞素的組合來表示詞義的。特征詞素義的組合在揭示指人名詞詞義時,一般不是直接的,而是要通過一個過渡性詞義。這個過渡性詞義可能是動詞詞義,也可以是名詞詞義或形容詞詞義,然后通過比喻或者引申,才能與指人詞義建立聯(lián)系�，F(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的意義可以概括為“……的人”的模式,前面是詞的具體意義部分,揭示人的不同特點,后面的“人”是類屬詞。有的時候,根據(jù)詞義理解的需要,“人”也可以換成其他表示類概念的指人詞語。 第四章研究現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的詞匯類聚�，F(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞中蘊藏著許多大大小小的詞匯類聚,有同義詞、反義詞、多義詞等等不同的情況,還包括類屬詞、同位詞、主題義族、對稱關(guān)系名詞、縮并關(guān)系名詞和逆向關(guān)系名詞特殊的指人名詞詞匯類聚。其中同義詞和反義詞數(shù)量最多、也最有特點,指人詞素在構(gòu)成指人同義詞和指人反義詞的過程中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。許多學(xué)者設(shè)想詞匯和語義都像是語音、語法那樣是成系統(tǒng)的,只是如何揭示這種系統(tǒng)性有不同認識。許多學(xué)者設(shè)想漢語中存在“人”這一語義場,但還沒有人把現(xiàn)代漢語中的“人”這個語義場完整地揭示出來。本文的研究揭示了一部分指人名詞系統(tǒng)的面貌,為揭示“人”這個語義場提供了借鑒。 第五章從動態(tài)的角度研究現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞。詞匯的共時運動形式是動態(tài)詞匯學(xué)關(guān)注的重要方面。目前,漢語詞匯正處于一個非�；钴S的時期,現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞,也在漢語詞匯發(fā)展的大潮中不斷變化。新的指人名詞不斷產(chǎn)生,同時一些舊的指人名詞在慢慢隱退,指人名詞的詞義也發(fā)生了很大的變化。本文還特別對現(xiàn)代指人名詞中很有特色的同族詞現(xiàn)象進行了研究,認為指人同族詞具有很強的能產(chǎn)性,同族詞的發(fā)展具有不平衡性,大量同族詞的產(chǎn)生對現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞系統(tǒng)帶來了很大的影響。 第六章也是動態(tài)研究,探討了指人名詞在語境中的不同情況。在語境中,現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的詞義由靜態(tài)變?yōu)榱藙討B(tài),產(chǎn)生了許多臨時性的言語成分,這些臨時性的言語成分體現(xiàn)在語音、詞義、語法和修辭各個方面。使用指人名詞可以起到很好的表達作用,可以表明人際關(guān)系,揭示人物心理,顯示人物地位,說明人物處境,指明人物角色的轉(zhuǎn)變。但錯誤地使用指人名詞則會給語言表達帶來消極影響。 第七章是結(jié)語部分,簡要地概括了本文的主要結(jié)論,并提出了今后繼續(xù)深入研究的思路和方向�，F(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞研究是一個有待繼續(xù)挖掘的領(lǐng)域,今后我們將在組合研究、歷時研究和比較研究等方面進一步探討。我們希望能通過對這一領(lǐng)域的研究,充分展示現(xiàn)代漢語指人名詞的面貌,并為將來指物名詞的研究、對指人的動詞、形容詞的研究奠定一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to the nouns divided from the point of meaning, which refers to the expression of a person's noun, which is characterized by a semantic feature of "+ [human]". This paper, based on lexicology and lexical semantics, combines social and cognitive factors to explore the ways and methods of referring people to people in modern Chinese, and to study modern Chinese people. The state of organization, development and application of nouns in the lexical system is a study of the combination of the dynamic and static combination of human nouns in modern Chinese and the combination of description and application.
The research on human noun in modern Chinese is the key point in the study of Chinese nouns. This study can not only further improve the research of modern Chinese nouns, but also have reference to the processing of Related words in the compilation process of the dictionary and the teaching of referential nouns in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter studies the way of producing Chinese nouns; the third chapter studies the structure and significance of human nouns; the fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of human nouns; the fifth chapter studies the synchronic dynamic movement of human nouns; the sixth chapter studies the use of human nouns. The seventh chapter is the concluding part of this article.
In the first chapter, the object of this study is determined, and the related concepts such as appellation, address, name and nickname are distinguished, and the previous studies are reviewed from three aspects of linguistics, lexicology and sociolinguistics, and the research methods and significance of this paper are also explained.
The second chapter, firstly, divides the modern Chinese into three categories according to the different referential objects, and the relative category refers to the relationship between people and people, the social category refers to the social relations between people and people, and the cognitive category refers to the views of people from the perspective of cognition. The three aspects of knowledge and language are the reasons and ways of the production of human nouns. Modern Chinese refers to the emergence of human nouns. It is closely related to the needs of social communication and the law of human thinking. It is also the result of the role of language factors. The changes of social system, social production, social changes, social concepts, and social psychology. The transformation and the spread of Chinese and foreign culture all provide sufficient social conditions for the emergence of modern Chinese nouns. Modern cognitive science shows that the conceptualization and categorization of human thinking, metaphor of human thinking, metonymy and transfer of reference have played an important role in the process of the generation of human name words in modern Chinese. It determines the final form of human nouns in language.
The third chapter is the study of the structure and meaning of the person's noun. First, from the point of view of whether the meaning of the human morpheme is included, it distinguishes two cases of the morpheme including the human morpheme and the non finger morpheme. It includes the human noun which refers to the human morpheme, and generally regards the morpheme as the core morpheme, and his morpheme is the characteristic morpheme, the characteristic morpheme meaning and the core. The meaning of the morpheme is to reveal the meaning of the human noun in modern Chinese. However, the meaning of the characteristic morpheme is not equal to the meaning of the word, and the meaning of the word needs to be further revealed by the characteristic morpheme meaning. In revealing the meaning of a person's noun, it is generally not direct, but through a transitional meaning. This transitional word may be a verb meaning, or a noun word or an adjective meaning, and then can be connected with the meaning of a person through a metaphor or extension. The meaning of the present generation of Chinese refers to the person's noun. The pattern of "" is the concrete meaning part of the word, which reveals the different characteristics of the human, and the "man" behind is a class word. Sometimes, according to the need of understanding of the meaning of the word, "man" can also be replaced by other words which represent the concept of the class.
The fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of modern Chinese referring to human nouns. In modern Chinese, there are many large and small lexical cohesion in Chinese nouns, including synonyms, antonyms, polysemous words and so on. It also includes generic words, synonyms, subject sense families, symmetric relation nouns, constriction nouns and reverse relation nouns special names. Words and antonyms are the most important and the most characteristic. The morpheme plays an important role in the process of forming the synonym and the human antonym. Many scholars assume that vocabulary and semantics are sound like phonetics and grammar is systematic, but how to reveal this system with different knowledge. There is a sense of "man" in Chinese, but no one has completely revealed the semantic field of "man" in modern Chinese. This study reveals some of the features of the human noun system, and provides a reference for revealing the semantic field of "man".
The fifth chapter studies the noun in modern Chinese from a dynamic point of view. The synchronic form of the vocabulary is an important aspect of the attention of dynamic lexicology. At present, Chinese vocabulary is in a very active period. Modern Chinese refers to human nouns, and is also constantly changing in the tide of Chinese vocabulary development. The old denoting nouns have been slowly retreated and the meaning of the human noun has also changed greatly. This paper also studies the characteristics of the same clan words in modern man's nouns. It is considered that the words of the same ethnic group are very productive, the development of the same clan words is unbalance, and the production of a large number of the same clan words refers to the name of the modern Chinese. The word system has a great impact.
The sixth chapter is also a dynamic study. In the context, in the context, modern Chinese refers to the meaning of human noun from static to dynamic, which produces a lot of temporary speech components. These temporary speech components are embodied in all aspects of speech, word meaning, grammar and rhetoric. A good expression can show the interpersonal relationship, reveal the psychology of the characters, show the status of the characters, explain the situation of the characters, and indicate the change of the characters' roles. But the incorrect use of the nouns of the finger can bring negative effects on the expression of the language.
The seventh chapter is the concluding part, briefly summarizing the main conclusions of this article, and putting forward the thinking and direction of further research in the future. The research of modern Chinese referring to human noun is a field that needs to be further excavated. In the future we will further discuss in the aspects of combinatorial studies, diachronic studies and comparative studies. We hope to pass this to this The study of one field fully shows the appearance of the noun in modern Chinese and the research of the nouns in the future, which lays a foundation for the study of the verbs and adjectives of the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：H146
本文編號：2158444
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to the nouns divided from the point of meaning, which refers to the expression of a person's noun, which is characterized by a semantic feature of "+ [human]". This paper, based on lexicology and lexical semantics, combines social and cognitive factors to explore the ways and methods of referring people to people in modern Chinese, and to study modern Chinese people. The state of organization, development and application of nouns in the lexical system is a study of the combination of the dynamic and static combination of human nouns in modern Chinese and the combination of description and application.
The research on human noun in modern Chinese is the key point in the study of Chinese nouns. This study can not only further improve the research of modern Chinese nouns, but also have reference to the processing of Related words in the compilation process of the dictionary and the teaching of referential nouns in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter studies the way of producing Chinese nouns; the third chapter studies the structure and significance of human nouns; the fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of human nouns; the fifth chapter studies the synchronic dynamic movement of human nouns; the sixth chapter studies the use of human nouns. The seventh chapter is the concluding part of this article.
In the first chapter, the object of this study is determined, and the related concepts such as appellation, address, name and nickname are distinguished, and the previous studies are reviewed from three aspects of linguistics, lexicology and sociolinguistics, and the research methods and significance of this paper are also explained.
The second chapter, firstly, divides the modern Chinese into three categories according to the different referential objects, and the relative category refers to the relationship between people and people, the social category refers to the social relations between people and people, and the cognitive category refers to the views of people from the perspective of cognition. The three aspects of knowledge and language are the reasons and ways of the production of human nouns. Modern Chinese refers to the emergence of human nouns. It is closely related to the needs of social communication and the law of human thinking. It is also the result of the role of language factors. The changes of social system, social production, social changes, social concepts, and social psychology. The transformation and the spread of Chinese and foreign culture all provide sufficient social conditions for the emergence of modern Chinese nouns. Modern cognitive science shows that the conceptualization and categorization of human thinking, metaphor of human thinking, metonymy and transfer of reference have played an important role in the process of the generation of human name words in modern Chinese. It determines the final form of human nouns in language.
The third chapter is the study of the structure and meaning of the person's noun. First, from the point of view of whether the meaning of the human morpheme is included, it distinguishes two cases of the morpheme including the human morpheme and the non finger morpheme. It includes the human noun which refers to the human morpheme, and generally regards the morpheme as the core morpheme, and his morpheme is the characteristic morpheme, the characteristic morpheme meaning and the core. The meaning of the morpheme is to reveal the meaning of the human noun in modern Chinese. However, the meaning of the characteristic morpheme is not equal to the meaning of the word, and the meaning of the word needs to be further revealed by the characteristic morpheme meaning. In revealing the meaning of a person's noun, it is generally not direct, but through a transitional meaning. This transitional word may be a verb meaning, or a noun word or an adjective meaning, and then can be connected with the meaning of a person through a metaphor or extension. The meaning of the present generation of Chinese refers to the person's noun. The pattern of "" is the concrete meaning part of the word, which reveals the different characteristics of the human, and the "man" behind is a class word. Sometimes, according to the need of understanding of the meaning of the word, "man" can also be replaced by other words which represent the concept of the class.
The fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of modern Chinese referring to human nouns. In modern Chinese, there are many large and small lexical cohesion in Chinese nouns, including synonyms, antonyms, polysemous words and so on. It also includes generic words, synonyms, subject sense families, symmetric relation nouns, constriction nouns and reverse relation nouns special names. Words and antonyms are the most important and the most characteristic. The morpheme plays an important role in the process of forming the synonym and the human antonym. Many scholars assume that vocabulary and semantics are sound like phonetics and grammar is systematic, but how to reveal this system with different knowledge. There is a sense of "man" in Chinese, but no one has completely revealed the semantic field of "man" in modern Chinese. This study reveals some of the features of the human noun system, and provides a reference for revealing the semantic field of "man".
The fifth chapter studies the noun in modern Chinese from a dynamic point of view. The synchronic form of the vocabulary is an important aspect of the attention of dynamic lexicology. At present, Chinese vocabulary is in a very active period. Modern Chinese refers to human nouns, and is also constantly changing in the tide of Chinese vocabulary development. The old denoting nouns have been slowly retreated and the meaning of the human noun has also changed greatly. This paper also studies the characteristics of the same clan words in modern man's nouns. It is considered that the words of the same ethnic group are very productive, the development of the same clan words is unbalance, and the production of a large number of the same clan words refers to the name of the modern Chinese. The word system has a great impact.
The sixth chapter is also a dynamic study. In the context, in the context, modern Chinese refers to the meaning of human noun from static to dynamic, which produces a lot of temporary speech components. These temporary speech components are embodied in all aspects of speech, word meaning, grammar and rhetoric. A good expression can show the interpersonal relationship, reveal the psychology of the characters, show the status of the characters, explain the situation of the characters, and indicate the change of the characters' roles. But the incorrect use of the nouns of the finger can bring negative effects on the expression of the language.
The seventh chapter is the concluding part, briefly summarizing the main conclusions of this article, and putting forward the thinking and direction of further research in the future. The research of modern Chinese referring to human noun is a field that needs to be further excavated. In the future we will further discuss in the aspects of combinatorial studies, diachronic studies and comparative studies. We hope to pass this to this The study of one field fully shows the appearance of the noun in modern Chinese and the research of the nouns in the future, which lays a foundation for the study of the verbs and adjectives of the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：H146
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 梁文婧;韓振江;;《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》中認知類指人名詞的語義功能分析[J];北方文學(xué)(下半月);2012年06期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條
1 王春嬌;現(xiàn)代漢語新興指人“類詞綴”研究[D];山東大學(xué);2011年
2 萬小羅;現(xiàn)代漢語物體名詞研究[D];江西師范大學(xué);2012年
3 梁文婧;《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》認知類指人名詞研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2013年
4 董盼;“代_1代_2名”同位結(jié)構(gòu)的考察[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2013年
5 樸雪花;漢韓“N+N”式指人復(fù)指短語對比[D];延邊大學(xué);2013年
6 金瑜琳;漢韓人稱代詞和指人名詞組合式對比[D];延邊大學(xué);2013年
7 李文艷;現(xiàn)代漢語新詞新語五類類詞綴研究[D];山西大學(xué);2013年
8 安麗虹;漢韓人稱代詞、指示代詞和指人名詞組合式對比[D];延邊大學(xué);2013年
9 夏冰茜;現(xiàn)代漢語動植物名詞小類分析[D];上海外國語大學(xué);2014年
，本文編號：2158444
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jiaoyulunwen/duiwaihanyulunwen/2158444.html
最近更新
教材專著
