本文選題：單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞 + 句法結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《北京語言大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：反義詞通過揭示事物間彼此區(qū)別對(duì)立的本質(zhì)得到了廣泛運(yùn)用,以反義詞為代表的對(duì)稱性與不對(duì)稱性也一直是語言學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)。而詞匯的研究中,動(dòng)詞一直處于語言研究和表達(dá)的核心和關(guān)鍵位置。把反義詞與動(dòng)詞結(jié)合起來的反義動(dòng)詞的研究無疑是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的體系。在詞匯的研究中,學(xué)者們?cè)絹碓阶⒅貙⒃~匯的研究與詞匯所在的句法研究結(jié)合起來,雖然前人意識(shí)到了反義動(dòng)詞在句式上存在不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象,但是對(duì)于句式是如何影響反義動(dòng)詞句法不對(duì)稱性的,以及反義動(dòng)詞在句法上的不對(duì)稱性的具體表現(xiàn)沒有進(jìn)行深入探究和分析。本文采用使用度比較高的單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞作為研究對(duì)象和切入點(diǎn)來探討反義詞與動(dòng)詞結(jié)合起來使用的情況,主要通過分析句法結(jié)構(gòu)框架的豐富度、集中度、優(yōu)勢(shì)和常用句法結(jié)構(gòu)框架的不對(duì)稱性來考察其句法結(jié)構(gòu)的不對(duì)稱性。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析句法結(jié)構(gòu)配搭的句法語義成分:主語、賓語、補(bǔ)語,來分析其句法語義功能特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞的語義功能進(jìn)行范疇化歸類總結(jié)。本文通過對(duì)10組高頻單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞的句法結(jié)構(gòu)和語義功能進(jìn)行語料標(biāo)注、統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析,得到了如下結(jié)論:1)單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)分別表示“給予義”、“獲得義”的反義動(dòng)詞在句法結(jié)構(gòu)和語義功能上具有不對(duì)稱性。2)單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)反義動(dòng)詞在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的不對(duì)稱性主要表現(xiàn)在優(yōu)勢(shì)句法結(jié)構(gòu)框架和常用句法結(jié)構(gòu)框架的使用上存在不對(duì)稱性。表示“給予義”特征單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞以“主+動(dòng)(+賓)”為主,而表示“獲得義”特征的以“主+動(dòng)+補(bǔ)+(賓)”為主。3)單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)反義動(dòng)詞在語義功能上的不對(duì)稱性主要表現(xiàn)在搭配主語、賓語和補(bǔ)語的使用上具有不對(duì)稱性。4)受人們認(rèn)知的影響表示“獲得義”特征的單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞是無標(biāo)記的,而表示“給予義”特征的單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞是有標(biāo)記的,后面常搭配“給”使用。5)表示“給予義”特征的單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞的處置義功能要比表示“獲得義”特征的單音節(jié)依存反義動(dòng)詞的處置義功能強(qiáng)。上述結(jié)論可以為對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)和對(duì)外漢語教材的編寫提供指導(dǎo):教學(xué)者在進(jìn)行反義動(dòng)詞教學(xué)時(shí)應(yīng)注重結(jié)合句法,對(duì)反義動(dòng)詞成對(duì)教學(xué)和對(duì)比教學(xué),在編寫教材時(shí)應(yīng)注意要將一組反義動(dòng)詞最主要和最具有區(qū)別意義的句法結(jié)構(gòu)展示出來。
[Abstract]:Antonyms have been widely used by revealing the essence of things being different from each other, and the symmetry and asymmetry represented by antonyms have always been the focus of linguistic research. In the study of vocabulary, verbs have always been the core and key position of language research and expression. The study of antonyms and verbs is undoubtedly a complex system. In the study of vocabulary, scholars pay more and more attention to combining the study of vocabulary with the syntactic study of the word, although the predecessors realized that there is asymmetry in the sentence structure of the antisense verb. However, how the sentence structure affects the syntactic asymmetry of antisense verbs and the syntactic asymmetry of antisense verbs have not been deeply explored and analyzed. In this paper, the use of monosyllabic antisense verbs, which are relatively high in use, is used as the research object and the starting point to explore the combination of antonyms and verbs, mainly through the analysis of the richness and concentration of syntactic framework. The advantage and the asymmetry of syntactic frame are used to investigate the asymmetry of syntactic structure. Through statistical analysis of syntactic semantic components of syntactic structure matching: subject, object and complement, the characteristics of syntactic and semantic functions are analyzed, and the semantic functions of monosyllabic dependency antisense verbs are classified and summarized on this basis. In this paper, the syntactic structure and semantic function of 10 groups of high-frequency monosyllabic antisense verbs are annotated, statistics and analyses are made, and the following conclusions are obtained: "giving meaning" in the group of monosyllabic dependency antisense verbs. The unsymmetry of the two antisense verbs in the group of monosyllabic antisense verbs in syntactic structure and semantic function is mainly manifested in the framework of superior syntactic structure. There is asymmetry in the use of common syntactic structure frames. Meaning "giving meaning" characteristic monosyllabic dependency antonym verb is mainly "main action (object)", The semantic asymmetry of the two antisense verbs in the group of monosyllabic antisense verbs is mainly reflected in the collocation of the subject. The use of objects and complements is asymmetric. 4) the monosyllabic dependent antisense verbs, which are influenced by people's cognition, are unmarked, while the monosyllabic dependent antisense verbs that express the "giving meaning" feature are marked. The function of the monosyllabic dependency antisense verb with "giving meaning" is stronger than that of the monosyllabic dependent antisense verb with the feature of "obtaining meaning". These conclusions can provide guidance for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the compilation of textbooks for Chinese as a foreign language: teachers should pay attention to the combination of syntactic and contrastive teaching of antisense verbs in the teaching of antisense verbs. In compiling textbooks, attention should be paid to displaying the most important and differentiated syntactic structures of antisense verbs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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