本文選題：“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞 + 時(shí)點(diǎn)和時(shí)段　； 參考：《北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 時(shí)間詞研究一直是語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究中的基本課題之一。關(guān)于漢語(yǔ)時(shí)間詞,前人時(shí)賢已從范圍、歸類、句法功能、語(yǔ)義等角度做過(guò)不少研究,但是針對(duì)某個(gè)義類范疇的具體的研究并不多。本文從“現(xiàn)在”義范疇出發(fā),對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞進(jìn)行專門(mén)的研究�，F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞成員眾多,本文以《中國(guó)漢語(yǔ)水平考試大綱(高等)》為依據(jù),集中考察《大綱》中收的“現(xiàn)在、如今、眼前、眼下、目前、當(dāng)前”6個(gè)“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞�！艾F(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞成員之間的意義和用法比較相似,工具書(shū)對(duì)它們的解釋也大同小異,因此第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)和使用這些詞語(yǔ)時(shí)容易混淆。本文旨在理清“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞之間的異同,為對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)和漢語(yǔ)本體研究提供參考。 本文分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分,緒論,主要介紹選題意義、研究對(duì)象、相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法和語(yǔ)料來(lái)源等。第二部分為“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞的語(yǔ)義特征。我們從時(shí)點(diǎn)和時(shí)段、語(yǔ)義所指的相對(duì)性、構(gòu)詞方式、內(nèi)部成員之間的語(yǔ)義差異四個(gè)角度考察了“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞的語(yǔ)義特征。第三部分是“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞的句法功能考察。傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法對(duì)時(shí)間詞句法功能的研究?jī)H限于宏觀方面,本文對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞充當(dāng)?shù)木浞üδ芩哂械奶攸c(diǎn)做了詳細(xì)的考察。第四部分考察了“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞對(duì)共現(xiàn)成分的選擇,詳細(xì)描寫(xiě)和分析了“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞對(duì)與其共現(xiàn)的時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)、時(shí)間副詞、介詞的選擇。本文以描寫(xiě)為主,從語(yǔ)義、句法分布、共現(xiàn)成分等方面考察“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞成員間的共性和個(gè)性,其中貫穿了比較、定量分析等研究方法。 “現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與說(shuō)話或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)間共時(shí),“現(xiàn)在”意義的特殊性使得“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞分布上具有自己的特點(diǎn)。“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞雖然都表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與說(shuō)話或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)間共時(shí),但是其內(nèi)部成員之間也具有差異性�！艾F(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞成員之間的共性和個(gè)性主要表現(xiàn)在:意義方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞屬于時(shí)點(diǎn)時(shí)間詞,它們都表示以說(shuō)話或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)間為基點(diǎn)或長(zhǎng)或短的一段時(shí)間,其內(nèi)部成員之間在意義、語(yǔ)體特征、使用環(huán)境上都有差異;句法功能方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞的句法功能與一般時(shí)間名詞基本一致,但也表現(xiàn)出許多特點(diǎn);對(duì)共現(xiàn)成分的選擇方面,“現(xiàn)在”類時(shí)間詞對(duì)時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)、時(shí)間副詞、介詞有一定的選擇性。
[Abstract]:The study of temporal words has always been one of the basic topics in linguistic research. About Chinese time words, former scholars Shi Xian have done a lot of research from the angles of scope, classification, syntactic function and semantics, but there are not many specific studies on a certain category. Starting from the category of "present", this paper makes a special study on the "present" type of time words in modern Chinese. There are many members of the "present" category of time words in modern Chinese. This paper, based on the outline of the Chinese proficiency Test (Senior), focuses on the "present, present, present, present, present, present," Current "6" present class time words. The meaning and usage of "present" time words are similar, and their interpretations are similar in reference books, so it is easy to confuse the second language learners in learning and using these words. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the similarities and differences between "present" time words, and to provide reference for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the study of Chinese ontology. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part, introduction, mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the research object, the related research status, the research methods and the source of the corpus. The second part is the semantic features of "present" time words. We examine the semantic characteristics of "present" time words from four angles: the time point and time period, the relativity of semantic meaning, the way of word formation, and the semantic difference among the members. The third part is the syntactic function of "present" time words. The study of temporal lexical functions in traditional grammar is limited to macroscopic aspects. This paper makes a detailed study on the features of the syntactic functions of "present" temporal words. In the fourth part, the author studies the choice of co-occurrence components of "present" type time words, and describes and analyzes in detail the time words, time adverbs and prepositions of "present" type time words. This paper mainly focuses on description and studies the commonness and individuality of the members of "present" time words from the aspects of semantics, syntactic distribution, co-occurrence and so on, which run through the research methods of comparison and quantitative analysis. The "present" temporal words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time. The particularity of the "present" meaning makes the "present" temporal words have their own characteristics in the distribution. Although the "present" time words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time, there are also differences among its members. The commonness and individuality among the members of "present" time words are mainly manifested in the following aspects: meaning, "present" time words belong to time-point words, they all mean a period of time based on speaking or writing time or long or short time. In terms of syntactic function, the syntactic function of "present" temporal words is basically consistent with that of general temporal nouns, but it also shows many characteristics. In the selection of co-occurrence components, "present" time words have certain selectivity to time words, time adverbs and prepositions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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