“少數(shù)民族高層次骨干人才計劃”十年成效分析（2006-2016）
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-09 13:23
【摘要】：“少數(shù)民族高層次骨干人才計劃”政策旨在通過專項定向培養(yǎng)民族地區(qū)高層次人才,為民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟、文化、政治等的建設(shè)發(fā)展提供智力支撐,彰顯了教育公平與民族平等的政治理念,是攸關(guān)我國各民族共同繁榮發(fā)展、維護(hù)國家和諧統(tǒng)一的民族教育政策。2016年是“少民骨干計劃”實施的第十個年頭,調(diào)研并總結(jié)十年來“少民骨干計劃”所取得的成效及存在的不足,對國家進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)、調(diào)整和完善少數(shù)民族高層次骨干人才培養(yǎng)政策尤為必要。論文通過對調(diào)查問卷、訪談、招生數(shù)量與結(jié)構(gòu)、就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)等各方面材料的整理分析,將“少數(shù)民族高層次骨干人才計劃”實施十年來的成效歸納為:第一,政策實施十年來增加了少數(shù)民族學(xué)生接受高層次教育的機會,提升了少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的人才層次,改善了民族地區(qū)的人才結(jié)構(gòu),極大地豐富了民族地區(qū)的人力資本,改善了民族地區(qū)的人才現(xiàn)狀;第二,政策的實施推動了民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)了民族文化的傳承,繁榮了民族地區(qū)的教育事業(yè);第三,該政策的實施有利于國家教育區(qū)域發(fā)展的均衡,促進(jìn)了各民族間的交流、交往和交融,有利于實現(xiàn)教育公平,有助于社會和諧,維護(hù)了國家統(tǒng)一。“少民骨干計劃”實施十年來積累了豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗,更涌現(xiàn)出許多先進(jìn)事跡,論文精選了政策執(zhí)行中的各參與(教育行政部門、基礎(chǔ)強化培訓(xùn)學(xué)校、少數(shù)民族骨干學(xué)生)典型經(jīng)驗和優(yōu)秀事跡以更直觀的看到這項政策實施十年來的卓越成效。一項政策實施的有效性來自于政策執(zhí)行者的創(chuàng)新能力和執(zhí)行力,同時政策在實施過程中也會受到目標(biāo)群體的對抗和外部環(huán)境的影響。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)“少民骨干計劃”政策的實施過程中亦涌現(xiàn)出諸多問題:計劃指標(biāo)投放不合理;政策宣傳的解讀和引導(dǎo)不足;培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量仍需提升;就業(yè)領(lǐng)域過分集中;就業(yè)管理與服務(wù)仍需改善等。論文借由理性選擇制度主義分析框架,對“少民骨干計劃”整個政策實施過程的各個參與方進(jìn)行行動邏輯分析,進(jìn)而提出了五項提升政策實效的改進(jìn)措施:一、結(jié)合重大發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略強化政策導(dǎo)向;二、通過部門協(xié)調(diào)銜接實現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整;三、推進(jìn)制度建設(shè)提高培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量;四、延伸指導(dǎo)與服務(wù)發(fā)揮人才作用;五、建立政策實施信息交流平臺,實現(xiàn)各參與方互動與監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:The policy of "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" aims to train high-level talents in ethnic minority areas through special orientation, and to provide intellectual support for the construction and development of economy, culture, politics and so on in ethnic minority areas. It highlights the political concept of educational fairness and national equality, and is a policy of ethnic education that has a bearing on the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups in our country and maintains the harmony and unity of the country. 2016 is the tenth year of the implementation of the "backbone Plan for fewer people." It is particularly necessary for the state to further promote and perfect the policy of training high-level backbone talents of ethnic minorities by investigating and summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the "backbone Plan for less people" in the past ten years. Through the collation and analysis of questionnaires, interviews, the number and structure of enrollment, employment data and other materials, this paper sums up the achievements of the "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" in the past ten years as follows: first, In the past ten years, the implementation of the policy has increased the opportunities for ethnic minority students to receive high-level education, upgraded the level of talents in ethnic minority areas, improved the talent structure in ethnic minority areas, and greatly enriched the human capital in ethnic minority areas. The present situation of talents in ethnic minority areas has been improved. Second, the implementation of the policy has promoted the economic development of ethnic areas, promoted the inheritance of national culture, and flourished the educational undertakings in ethnic minority areas. Third, the implementation of the policy is conducive to the balance of the regional development of national education, promotes exchanges, exchanges and blending among all ethnic groups, is conducive to the realization of educational equity, contributes to social harmony, and maintains national unity. In the past ten years since the implementation of the "backbone Plan for less people", a wealth of practical experience has accumulated and many advanced deeds have emerged. the paper selects the various participants in the implementation of the policy (education administration department, basic intensive training schools). The typical experience and excellent deeds of minority backbone students show more intuitively the remarkable results of this policy in the past ten years. The effectiveness of a policy implementation comes from the innovation ability and execution ability of the policy executor, and the policy will also be affected by the confrontation of the target group and the external environment in the process of implementation. It is found that there are many problems in the implementation of the policy of "backbone Plan for less people": unreasonable investment of plan indicators, insufficient interpretation and guidance of policy publicity, improvement of training quality, excessive concentration in the field of employment, and lack of interpretation and guidance of policy publicity. Employment management and services still need to be improved. Based on the institutional analysis framework of rational choice, this paper makes a logical analysis of the actions of the participants in the whole policy implementation process of the "backbone Plan for less people", and then puts forward five measures to improve the effectiveness of the policy: first, Strengthen policy orientation in combination with major development strategies; Second, to achieve structural adjustment through the coordination and convergence of departments; third, to promote the construction of the system to improve the quality of training; fourth, to extend guidance and service to play the role of talents; fifth, to establish an information exchange platform for policy implementation to achieve interaction and supervision among the participants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G759.2
[Abstract]:The policy of "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" aims to train high-level talents in ethnic minority areas through special orientation, and to provide intellectual support for the construction and development of economy, culture, politics and so on in ethnic minority areas. It highlights the political concept of educational fairness and national equality, and is a policy of ethnic education that has a bearing on the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups in our country and maintains the harmony and unity of the country. 2016 is the tenth year of the implementation of the "backbone Plan for fewer people." It is particularly necessary for the state to further promote and perfect the policy of training high-level backbone talents of ethnic minorities by investigating and summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the "backbone Plan for less people" in the past ten years. Through the collation and analysis of questionnaires, interviews, the number and structure of enrollment, employment data and other materials, this paper sums up the achievements of the "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" in the past ten years as follows: first, In the past ten years, the implementation of the policy has increased the opportunities for ethnic minority students to receive high-level education, upgraded the level of talents in ethnic minority areas, improved the talent structure in ethnic minority areas, and greatly enriched the human capital in ethnic minority areas. The present situation of talents in ethnic minority areas has been improved. Second, the implementation of the policy has promoted the economic development of ethnic areas, promoted the inheritance of national culture, and flourished the educational undertakings in ethnic minority areas. Third, the implementation of the policy is conducive to the balance of the regional development of national education, promotes exchanges, exchanges and blending among all ethnic groups, is conducive to the realization of educational equity, contributes to social harmony, and maintains national unity. In the past ten years since the implementation of the "backbone Plan for less people", a wealth of practical experience has accumulated and many advanced deeds have emerged. the paper selects the various participants in the implementation of the policy (education administration department, basic intensive training schools). The typical experience and excellent deeds of minority backbone students show more intuitively the remarkable results of this policy in the past ten years. The effectiveness of a policy implementation comes from the innovation ability and execution ability of the policy executor, and the policy will also be affected by the confrontation of the target group and the external environment in the process of implementation. It is found that there are many problems in the implementation of the policy of "backbone Plan for less people": unreasonable investment of plan indicators, insufficient interpretation and guidance of policy publicity, improvement of training quality, excessive concentration in the field of employment, and lack of interpretation and guidance of policy publicity. Employment management and services still need to be improved. Based on the institutional analysis framework of rational choice, this paper makes a logical analysis of the actions of the participants in the whole policy implementation process of the "backbone Plan for less people", and then puts forward five measures to improve the effectiveness of the policy: first, Strengthen policy orientation in combination with major development strategies; Second, to achieve structural adjustment through the coordination and convergence of departments; third, to promote the construction of the system to improve the quality of training; fourth, to extend guidance and service to play the role of talents; fifth, to establish an information exchange platform for policy implementation to achieve interaction and supervision among the participants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G759.2
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